Diversity and dispersal routes of bat-borne paramyxoviruses in densely populated

描述（由申请人提供）： 该研究的长期目标是通过确定病原体如何通过狐蝠在东南亚人口最多的岛屿中传播来防止传染病的传播。该项目将研究高度多样化的副粘病毒群，并积极识别宿主中病毒多样性高的区域，测试预测， 多样性将出现在高狐蝠物种丰富度和大群体规模的地区。关于病原体从野生动物传播到人类的研究将大大改善全球卫生和疫情遏制工作。当宿主易于识别并限制其移动时，疫情的严重性可以减轻，但当病原体由飞行生物体承载时，遏制可能很困难。近年来，蝙蝠被认为是携带多种人畜共患病病原体的储存宿主，但对宿主系统的研究仍落后于其他类群。最近对狐蝠（Pteropus flying foxes）的研究表明，它们可能是许多不同病毒的宿主，但以前的数据收集是偶然的。特别是，一些公共重要的副粘病毒似乎起源于蝙蝠之前切换主机。狐蝠属物种的殖民栖息，频繁的迁徙和长寿命使它们特别容易在大的地理区域内窝藏和传播人畜共患病病原体，并通过反复感染使病原体长期存在。虽然最近从几个蝙蝠属中分离出66种新的副粘病毒，但对狐蝠属中的非尼帕、非亨德拉副粘病毒知之甚少。将使用新生的统计地理学和生态位建模方法来研究狐蝠和它们所携带的副粘病毒的遗传多样性，以预测病毒多样性的热点，岛屿之间可能的迁移路线，并研究蝙蝠和它们的病原体之间的进化动力学。系统地理迁移模型将重建序列数据和高病毒发生的地区将使用生态位建模预测。对种群的网络分析将表明哪些传播路线对维持种群连通性和疾病传播最重要。对病原体起源和宿主传播途径的更准确预测将有助于在发生流行病时加强控制，从而可以将资源集中在特定的热点地区。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of the study is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases by determining how pathogens are spread via Pteropus bats among the most populous islands of Southeast Asia. This project will examine the highly diverse group of paramyxoviruses and proactively identify areas of high viral diversity in hosts, testing predictions that highest viral diversity will occur in areas of high Pteropus species richness and large colony size. Research about the spread of pathogens from wild animals to humans will significantly improve global health and outbreak containment efforts. The severity of outbreaks can be mitigated when hosts are readily identified and their movements restricted, but when pathogens are hosted by flying organisms, containment can be difficult. Bats have recently been recognized as reservoir hosts that harbor diverse zoonotic pathogens, but research effort in the host system still lags behind that of other taxa. Recent studies on Pteropus flying foxes, a genus of large bats found only in Africa, Asia, and Australia, indicate they may be hosts for a number of different viruses, but previous data collection has been haphazard. In particular, a number of publicly important paramyxoviruses appear to originate in bats before switching hosts. Colonial roosting, frequent migration, and long lifespans in Pteropus species make them particularly prone to harboring and vectoring zoonotic pathogens across large geographic areas and enable the long-term persistence of pathogens through repeated infections. Although 66 new paramyxoviruses were recently isolated from several bat genera, little is known concerning non-Nipah, non-Hendra paramyxoviruses in the genus Pteropus. The genetic diversity of Pteropus and the paramyxoviruses that they harbor will be examined using nascent statistical phylogeographic and niche-modeling methods to predict hotspots of viral diversity, probable migration routes among islands, and investigate evolutionary dynamics between bats and their pathogens. Phylogeographic migration models will be reconstructed from sequence data and areas of high viral occurrence will be predicted using ecological niche modeling. A network analysis of the populations will indicate which dispersal routes are most important to the maintenance of population connectivity and thus disease spread. More accurate predictions of pathogen origins and host dispersal routes will permit improved containment in the event of an epidemic, when resources can be focused on particular hotspots.