Role of Calsyntenin in Axon Guidance

Calsyntenin 在轴突引导中的作用

• 批准号: 8645766
• 负责人: Olga Y Ponomareva
• 金额: $ 0.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2014-07-01
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8645766
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Afferent Neurons; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Autistic Disorder; Axon; Behavior; Binding; Brain; Caring; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells; Chimeric Proteins; Cues; Data; Development; Disease; Docking; Dominant-Negative Mutation; Embryo; Environment; Exhibits; Genes; Genetic; Goals; Growth; Human Genetics; Image; In Situ Hybridization; Individual; Integral Membrane Protein; Kinesin; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Mediating; Messenger RNA; Microarray Analysis; Molecular; Morphology; Movement; Mus; Nervous system structure; Neurologic; Neurons; Optics; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peripheral; Phenotype; Process; Proteins; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stereotyping; Study models; Synapses; System; Testing; Vertebrates; Zebrafish; axon growth; axon guidance; cell motility; cofactor; genetic manipulation; homeodomain; in vivo; in vivo imaging; insight; nervous system development; neuron development; overexpression; protein transport; research study; trafficking; transcription factor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To establish a functional nervous system, axons project long distances along established pathways to reach their proper connections. Factors that influence the growth and guidance of axons are critical for the proper development of the brain, but the mechanisms by which these factors function in vivo are not well understood. We are using the optically transparent embryonic zebrafish to study and visualize how sensory neurons are guided in their natural environment. Zebrafish sensory neurons have a stereotyped morphology with two types of axons which exhibit distinct projection patterns and behaviors. Mechanisms by which axons from one cell can exhibit such different behaviors are not known. Recently, transcription factors have been shown to partially control the specific projection patterns of some axons. In zebrafish sensory neurons, inhibition of LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factors causes a loss of peripheral axons, without an effect on central axons. This finding suggests that LIM-HD transcription factors act differently on the formation of central and peripheral sensory neurons. We performed a microarray to identify downstream targets of LIM-HDs. Here, I aim to understand the function of one of these targets as identified by our microarray, a transmembrane protein Calsyntenin. The in vivo function of Calsyntenin is not known, however, it has been shown to regulate the trafficking of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and to mediate vesicular cargo binding to kinesin-1 in cell culture. These functions suggest that Calsyntenin may be involved in trafficking and selective targeting of neuronal components - processes that are vital for axon outgrowth and guidance. Calsyntenin is expressed during the development of the nervous system at a stage when axons are guided to their targets, however, its role in neuronal development is not known. Our preliminary data suggest that Calsyntenin exerts a specific effect on the projections of peripheral sensory axons, without an effect on central axons. This phenotype is similar to that of LIM-HD inhibition, further suggesting that Calsyntenin is a downstream target of LIM-HD. In the proposed experiments, I will further characterize the effect of Calsyntenin on sensory axon growth (Aim 1), determine whether Calsyntenin is differentially trafficked to central vs. peripheral components of sensory axons (Aim 2), and identify which functional domains of Calsyntenin are responsible for the selective peripheral axon phenotype (Aim 3).

描述（由申请人提供）： 为了建立一个功能性的神经系统，轴突沿着沿着已建立的通路投射很长的距离，以达到它们的正确连接。影响轴突生长和引导的因素对于大脑的正常发育至关重要，但这些因素在体内发挥作用的机制尚未得到很好的理解。我们正在使用光学透明的胚胎斑马鱼来研究和可视化感觉神经元在自然环境中是如何被引导的。斑马鱼感觉神经元具有两种类型的轴突，表现出不同的投射模式和行为的定型形态。来自同一细胞的轴突表现出如此不同的行为的机制尚不清楚。最近，转录因子已被证明部分控制某些轴突的特定投射模式。在斑马鱼感觉神经元中，LIM同源结构域（LIM-HD）转录因子的抑制导致外周轴突的损失，而对中央轴突没有影响。这一发现表明LIM-HD转录因子对中枢和外周感觉神经元的形成有不同的作用。我们进行了一个微阵列，以确定下游目标的LIM-HDs。在这里，我的目的是了解这些目标之一，我们的微阵列，跨膜蛋白钙合成蛋白确定的功能。Calsyntenin的体内功能尚不清楚，然而，已显示其调节淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）的运输并介导细胞培养物中囊泡货物与驱动蛋白-1的结合。这些功能表明，Calsyntenin可能参与神经元成分的运输和选择性靶向-对轴突生长和指导至关重要的过程。在神经系统发育过程中，当轴突被引导至其靶点时，钙合蛋白表达，然而，其在神经元发育中的作用尚不清楚。我们的初步数据表明，Calsyntenin对外周感觉轴突的投射产生特定的影响，而对中央轴突没有影响。这种表型与LIM-HD抑制的表型相似，进一步表明钙合成蛋白是LIM-HD的下游靶标。在所提出的实验中，我将进一步表征Calsyntenin对感觉轴突生长的影响（目标1），确定Calsyntenin是否差异性地被运输到感觉轴突的中央与外周成分（目标2），并确定Calsyntenin的哪些功能域负责选择性外周轴突表型（目标3）。