Mechanisms of Visual Motion Perception

视觉运动感知的机制

• 批准号: 8710228
• 负责人: Duje Tadin
• 金额: $ 25.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8710228
• 关键词: Affect; Conflict (Psychology); Development; Discrimination; Elderly; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Face; Goals; Immune; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Inherited; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Measures; Motion; Motion Perception; Neurons; Perception; Perceptual learning; Physiologic pulse; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Reflex action; Role; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stimulus; Sum; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual Motion; Work; age related; area MT; base; cost; extrastriate visual cortex; improved; insight; interest; neuromechanism; oculomotor; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; segregation; spatial integration; spatial temporal variation; spatiotemporal; visual process; visual processing; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Visual processing faces two conflicting demands: integration and segmentation. Integration is required by inherently noisy visual signals, while segmentation is needed to extract vital information from spatiotemporal variations in visual input. An understanding of the interplay between these two mechanisms will reveal fundamentals of visual processing and also enable insights into functional roles of segmentation processes. In motion perception, the PI's recent work demonstrated that spatial integration of motion signals is not fixed, but critically depends on basic visual factors such as contrast, with spatial integration giving way to spatial suppression as stimulus visibility increases. The overarching goal of this proposal is to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in this adaptive integration/segregation of motion signals, and to elucidate their role in the segmentation of objects from moving backgrounds. The key property of spatial suppression is impaired motion perception of large, high-contrast stimuli. In Aim 1, we will determine if and how this suppressive mechanism affects visual and oculomotor processing. Answering this question will constrain possible neural correlates of spatial suppression and, along with Aim 2, provide a test for the hypothesis linking spatial suppression to surround suppression in area MT. Substantiating this link will allow the attribution of links between spatial suppression and motion segregation (Aims 2 & 3) to the involvement of MT surround suppression. In Aim 2, we will seek direct evidence about neural correlates of spatial suppression by impairing processing in MT and early visual areas with TMS. We expect that a disruption of neural mechanisms critically involved in spatial suppression will allow normally suppressed motion signals to reach perception. Concurrently, we will also determine whether the same stimulation that impairs spatial suppression also disrupts motion segregation. In Aim 3, we test the hypothesis that spatial suppression directly enables rapid segregation of moving objects by suppressing background motion signals. Here, the role of spatial suppression in motion segregation is conceptualized as a coarse, but rapid, region-based segmentation process. This hypothesis predicts that variations in spatial suppression (and, thus, in the visibility of background motion) should predict corresponding changes in motion segregation and vice versa. Exploiting different experimental approaches, we will test this prediction by utilizing stimulus manipulations, individual differences and perceptual learning to produce variations in either spatial suppression or motion segregation. One focus will be on older adults, who are known to exhibit weak spatial suppression. We will determine whether this abnormality predicts motion segregation deficits and whether age-related deficits in spatial suppression can be reversed by the perceptual learning of motion segregation.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉处理面临两个相互冲突的需求：整合和分割。集成所需的固有噪声的视觉信号，而分割是必要的，以提取重要的信息，从时空变化的视觉输入。这两种机制之间的相互作用的理解将揭示视觉处理的基本原理，也使洞察分割过程的功能作用。在运动感知中，PI最近的工作表明，运动信号的空间整合不是固定的，而是严重依赖于基本的视觉因素，如对比度，随着刺激可见度的增加，空间整合让位于空间抑制。这个建议的首要目标是调查的神经机制，参与这种自适应集成/分离的运动信号，并阐明其在分割的对象从移动的背景中的作用。空间抑制的关键特性是对大的、高对比度刺激的运动感知受损。在目标1中，我们将确定这种抑制机制是否以及如何影响视觉和眼动处理。提出这个问题将限制空间抑制的可能的神经相关性，并且沿着目标2，为MT区域中将空间抑制与周围抑制联系起来的假设提供检验。证实这一联系将允许将空间抑制和运动分离（目标2和3）之间的联系归因于MT环绕抑制的参与。在目标2中，我们将通过用TMS损害MT和早期视觉区的加工来寻找空间抑制的神经相关性的直接证据。我们期望，破坏与空间抑制密切相关的神经机制，将允许正常抑制的运动信号到达感知。同时，我们还将确定是否同样的刺激，损害空间抑制也破坏运动分离。在目标3中，我们测试了空间抑制直接通过抑制背景运动信号来快速分离移动对象的假设。在这里，空间抑制在运动分离中的作用被概念化为粗糙但快速的基于区域的分割过程。该假设预测，空间抑制的变化（以及因此背景运动的可见性）应该预测运动分离的相应变化，反之亦然。利用不同的实验方法，我们将测试这一预测，利用刺激操纵，个体差异和知觉学习产生的变化，无论是空间抑制或运动隔离。其中一个重点将是老年人，他们被认为表现出较弱的空间抑制。我们将确定这种异常是否预示着运动分离缺陷，以及与年龄相关的空间抑制缺陷是否可以通过运动分离的感知学习来逆转。

项目成果

Sex Differences in Visual Motion Processing.

视觉运动处理中的性别差异。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.014
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Current biology : CB
• 作者: Murray,ScottO;Schallmo,Michael-Paul;Kolodny,Tamar;Millin,Rachel;Kale,Alex;Thomas,Philipp;Rammsayer,ThomasH;Troche,StefanJ;Bernier,RaphaelA;Tadin,Duje
• 通讯作者: Tadin,Duje