Project 5: Nanotechnology-Based Environmental Sensing

项目5：基于纳米技术的环境传感。高度污染的补救 超级基金的地点需要监测和评估污染物本身及其副产品。 超级基金所在地有多种复杂的有毒物种，污染土壤、水和周围环境 空气;确定那里有什么，然后确定补救的程度和有效性， 目前的挑战。纳米技术的快速发展为以下方面提供了重大机遇： 生产新的传感器，以满足Superfund的表征和监测需求，不仅在气相中， 但是在产生有毒和/或危险材料的不同环境中， 积累。我们将利用纳米材料的独特性质来检测和测量 重金属等物质。我们计划开发一系列传感协议，用于检测 砷、汞和阻燃化合物，具有高灵敏度和特异性。创新和 应用小分子化学指示剂荧光检测汞、铅、镉等 环境实验室和现场样品中的有毒重金属，特别关注海产品和土壤 标本与此同时，基于金属纳米晶体的等离子体吸收光谱将被应用于 用于低成本、快速检测空气和水环境样品中的汞。我们将继续 开发用于使用表面增强的超灵敏砷检测的银基底 拉曼光谱。我们将把这个传感平台扩展到检测化学指纹， 分析物，区分砷的两种最常见的氧化态：砷酸盐（As ^）和 地下水和其它复杂介质中的砷（As "）。类似地，该感测方案将是 适用于使用小样品体积以高灵敏度检测甲基化砷物质。在 此外，我们还将开发一种灵敏和选择性的小型化电子传感器，用于环境监测。 有毒物质分子，如多溴二苯醚（PBDE），使用特定的分子识别 元素这些研究应该提供新的方法来检测和测量化学和生物 超级基金网站上的物种。新的方法也将有助于评估补救工作， 减少已知来源的有害物质。

PROJECT 5: Nanotechnology-Based Environmental Sensing. Remediation of highly contaminated Superfund sites requires monitoring and evaluation of the contaminants themselves and their byproducts. Superfund sites have diverse and complex toxic species that contaminate soils, water and the surrounding air; determining what is there, and then determining the extent and effectiveness of remediation continue to present challenges. The rapid development of nanotechnology has offered significant opportunities to produce new sensors for the characterization and monitoring needs of Superfund, not only in the gas phase, but in the different environments where toxic and/or hazardous materials are produced or where they accumulate. We will take advantage of the unique properties of nanoscale materials to detect and measure species such as heavy metals. We plan to develop a collection of sensing protocols for the detection of arsenic, mercury and flame retardant compounds with high sensitivity and specificity. We will develop and apply small-molecule chemical indicators for fluorescence detection of mercury, lead, cadmium, and other toxic heavy metals in environmental laboratory and field samples, with specific interest in seafood and soil specimens. Parallel with this effort, plasmon absorption spectroscopy based on metal nanocrystals will be used for low-cost, rapid detection of mercury in air and aqueous environmental samples. We will continue to develop silver nanocrystal based substrates for ultra-sensitive arsenic detection using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We will extend this sensing platform towards detecting chemical fingerprint for the analytes, distinguishing between the two most common oxidation states of arsenic: arsenate (As^) and arsenite (As'") both in ground water and some other complex media. Similariy this sensing scheme will be applied towards detection of methylated arsenic species with high sensitivity using small sample volume. In addition, we will also develop a sensitive and selective miniaturized electronic sensor for environmental toxicants molecules such as polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) using specific molecular recognition elements. These studies should provide new methods to detect and measure chemical and biological species at Superfund sites. The new methods will also be useful for assessing remediation efforts and the reduction of hazardous species at known sources.