Calicum, MARCKS, and PIP2 regulation of ENaC

摘要

Abstract Hypertension is a major public health concern because it is an important risk factor for many other diseases including congestive heart failure, stroke, and end-stage renal disease. The constitutive activation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) leads to severe hypertension, while subtle stimulation of ENaC may contribute to essential hypertension. Therefore, understanding the regulation of ENaC is important to understand the etiology of hypertension. Our laboratory was among the first to show that ENaC activity requires binding of phosphatidylinositol bis-phosphate (PIP2) to the amino terminal domain of ENaC subunits. We used a tissue culture model of distal nephron sodium transport and we showed that the PIP2 dependent regulation of ENaC is mediated by an adaptor protein, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), that binds PIP2 and increases the local concentration of PIP2 near ENaC and, thereby, activates ENaC. The myristoylated amino terminal domain and the basic effector domain of MARCKS both contribute to its function at the apical plasma membrane. The function of MARCKS can be regulated by posttranslational modifications, association with calcium/calmodulin, and proteolysis so that regulation of MARCKS is also important for regulating ENaC. The aims of this project are to show how MARCKS regulates ENaC in vivo and identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate MARCKS activity at the apical membrane of renal epithelial cells.