Harnessing the power of RNA sensor for imaging molecular signatures in vivo

描述（由申请人提供）：由于现有技术的限制，尚未充分开发的成像应用的一个重要领域是监测体内特定细胞蛋白质表达的能力。与解剖成像不同，特定细胞蛋白质的分子成像将显示疾病的生化异常，而不是异常的结构后果。如果得到充分开发，它可以提供通过成像特定标志物蛋白表达来监测临床治疗进展的机会，甚至可以形成一个重要的平台，以测试和开发新的治疗模式。这项拨款提案的重点是利用基于RNA的传感器的力量，这将使活细胞中的特定分子特征的灵敏检测成为可能。我们设计的RNA传感器通过polyA信号介导的切割控制报告基因的表达。哺乳动物polyA信号仅位于3 '-非翻译区（UTR）。当在5' UTR人工产生新的polyA位点时，它们从不定位在正常转录单位中，polyA信号的极有效切割导致mRNA的破坏，因此报告基因表达的丧失。靶蛋白与工程化polyA信号的结合有效地阻断了切割，从而保留了完整的mRNA，从而使报告基因能够表达。反过来，我们已经表明，来自这种传感器的报告信号在活的人细胞中表现出极低的泄漏表达，并且在检测到特定蛋白质时，信号被有效诱导超过一百倍。这比以前在活的人类细胞中实现的高两个数量级，提供了一个动态范围，可以在各种实验环境中进行前所未有的应用。总体目标是创建一个通用的分子传感器平台的基础上的polyA切割的调制，可以利用当前或下一代的报告和适配体的目的成像的活细胞中的各种特定分子。此外，建立的分子传感器平台将为扩大polyA传感器可以在体内检测的分子特征谱提供基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One important area of application of imaging that has not been fully exploited, due to limitation of existing technology, is the ability to monitor the expression of specific cellular proteins in vivo. Unlike anatomical imaging, molecular imaging of specific cellular proteins would display the biochemical abnormalities underlying disease rather than the structural consequences of abnormalities. If fully developed, it could offer the opportunity to monitor the progress of clinical treatments by imaging the expression of specific marker proteins, and may even form an important platform to enable the testing and development of new therapeutic paradigms. The focus of this grant proposal is to harness the power of RNA-based sensors that will enable sensitive detection of specific molecular signatures in living cells. The RNA sensor we engineered controls the expression of a reporter gene by polyA signal-mediated cleavage. Mammalian polyA signals are exclusively located at the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). When a new polyA site is artificially created at 5' UTR, where they are never localized in normal transcriptional units, extremely efficient cleavage of that polyA signal leads to destruction of the mRNA and therefore loss of reporter gene expression. Binding of a target protein to the engineered polyA signal efficiently blocks the cleavage, resulting in preservation of the intact mRNA, thus enabling reporter expression. In turn, we have shown that the reporter signal from such a sensor exhibited extremely low leaky expression in live human cells, and upon the detection of a specific protein, the signal was effectively induced above one hundred folds. This is two orders of magnitude higher than has been previously achieved in live human cells, giving a dynamic range that would allow unprecedented applications in a variety of experimental settings. The overall objective is to create a general molecular sensor platform based on the modulation of polyA cleavage that could utilize current or next generation reporters and aptamers for the purpose of imaging a variety of specific molecules in live cells. Moreover, the established molecular sensor platform will provide a foundation for expanding the spectrum of molecular signatures that the polyA sensor can detect in vivo.