Dual STAT3/NF-kB Inhibitors for Targeted Cancer Therapy

描述（由申请人提供）：对于我们在了解癌细胞生物学方面的所有进展，晚期癌症治疗的基石仍然是非特异性细胞毒性药物。挑战在于确定癌细胞恶性行为的关键分子靶点，并直接靶向这些靶点。由于癌细胞的表型在很大程度上由细胞中表达的基因的模式驱动，因此许多注意力集中在调节控制增殖、存活、自我更新和侵袭的基因的转录因子的不适当激活上。两种这样的致癌转录因子是STAT 3和NF-κ B。通过我们对开发这些蛋白质的靶向抑制剂的研究，我们发现当STAT 3功能被小分子抑制剂阻断时，NF-κ B的活性通常会增加。这种NF-kB活性的增加减弱了STAT 3抑制剂对癌细胞的作用，并提出了一些关于这些蛋白质之间的分子和功能相互作用的重要机制问题。 为了将这些发现用于癌症治疗，我们着手开发可以同时阻断STAT 3和NF-kB作用的化合物。通过对大约200，000种化合物的高通量细胞筛选以及相关的合成化学努力，我们已经鉴定出两种特异性阻断这两种转录因子的化合物。这些双重STAT 3/ NF-kB抑制剂可能代表了癌症治疗的独特策略。 我们现在建议在这些观察的基础上进一步了解STAT 3和NF-kB在癌细胞中的相互作用，并阐明这些双重抑制剂在癌症治疗中的潜力。针对乳腺癌和多发性骨髓瘤这两种经常显示STAT 3和NF-kB共激活的肿瘤，将追求三个目标：（1）辨别癌细胞中STAT 3抑制和NF-kB激活之间的关系。(2)阐明STAT 3/ NF-kB双重抑制剂在癌细胞中的分子效应。(3)评估双重STAT 3/ NF-kB抑制剂对细胞培养和动物模型中癌细胞生物学的影响。 对于晚期癌症的创新治疗存在巨大的需求，这些治疗针对驱动这些细胞恶性行为的分子缺陷。这项工作的最终目标是阐明STAT 3和NF-kB在癌细胞中发挥的作用，并确定同时靶向两种蛋白质作为癌症患者分子治疗形式的潜力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For all of our advances in understanding the biology of a cancer cell, the cornerstone of therapy for advanced cancers remains drugs that are non-specifically cytotoxic. The challenge is to identify key molecular targets that underlie the malignant behavior of a cancer cell, and to target these directly. Since the phenotype of a cancer cell is largely driven by the pattern of genes expressed in the cell, much attention has focused on the inappropriate activation of transcription factors that regulate genes controlling proliferation, survival, self-renewal, and invasion. Two such oncogenic transcription factors are STAT3 and NF-kB. Through our research on developing targeted inhibitors of these proteins we have found that when STAT3 function is blocked by small molecule inhibitors, the activity of NF-kB often increases. This increase in NF-kB activity attenuates the effect of STAT3 inhibitors on cancer cells and raises a number of important mechanistic questions about the molecular and functional interaction between these proteins. To exploit these findings for cancer therapy, we set out to develop compounds that could simultaneously block the effects of STAT3 and NF-kB. Through a high throughput cell-based screen of approximately 200,000 compounds, and a related synthetic chemistry effort, we have identified two compounds that specifically block both of these transcription factors. These dual STAT3/ NF-kB inhibitors may represent a unique strategy for cancer therapy. We now propose to build on these observations to further understand the interaction between STAT3 and NF-kB in cancer cells, and to elucidate the potential for these dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Focusing on breast cancer and multiple myeloma, tumors that frequently display co-activation of STAT3 and NF-kB, three aims will be pursued: (1) To discern the relationship between STAT3 inhibition and NF-kB activation in cancer cells. (2) To elucidate the molecular effects of dual STAT3/ NF-kB inhibitors in cancer cells. (3) To assess the effects of dual STAT3/ NF-kB inhibitors on the biology of cancer cells in cell culture and animal models. There is a great need for innovative treatments for advanced cancer that are targeted to the molecular defects driving the malignant behavior of these cells. The ultimate goal of this work is to elucidate the role that STAT3 and NF-kB are playing in cancer cells, and to determine the potential of simultaneously targeting both proteins as a form of molecular therapy for patients with cancer.