(PQA3) NEURAL PREDICTORS OF SELF-REGULATION OF SMOKING URGES AT A STRESSFUL MOMEN

(PQA3) 压力时刻吸烟冲动自我调节的神经预测因子

• 批准号: 8685482
• 负责人: Seung Lark Lim
• 金额: $ 20.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-19 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8685482
• 关键词: Abstinence; Affective; Alcohol abuse; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cigarette; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Communities; Custom; Decision Making; Devices; Distress; Effectiveness; Electronics; Emotional; Failure; Film; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Health Hazards; Hour; Human; Imaging Techniques; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Life Style; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Memory; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Neurobiology; Nicotine Withdrawal; Obesity; Outcome; Pattern; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Preventive; Process; Psychophysiology; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Risk; Science; Self-control as a personality trait; Shock; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Stress; Stressful Event; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; United States; Withholding Treatment; Work; acute stress; age group; base; behavior change; cancer risk; cigarette smoking; control trial; cost; craving; design; emotional distress; executive function; fictional works; improved; innovation; interest; neurobehavioral; neurobiological mechanism; neuroeconomics; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; operation; prevent; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; sample fixation; smoking cessation; success; successful intervention

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to determine the neurobiological mechanisms that predict self-regulation of smoking urges while a person is under stress. Even after quitting or deciding to quit, the cravings for tobacco continue, particularly when exposed to acute stress. During stressful situations, self-control can fail, often resulting in a relapse. Previous behavioral and neuroimaging studies have not provided specific information about the neurobiological basis of self-control that could be used to prevent a self-control failure (i.e., relapse) at a particular moment (e.g., a single puff after abstinence). If smoking lapses are predictable before they actually occur, clinical interventions might be provided ahead of time as often imagined in science-fiction films (e.g., "Minority Report"). We will study how and why self-regulation fails by using a brain-as-predictor functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach and our custom-made MRI-compatible electronic cigarette delivery system that allows us to investigate "real" smoking decisions during fMRI scans. The main goal of this research is to elucidate the precise psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of self-control of smoking urges under cognitive overload and emotional distress on a moment-to-moment basis. Forty tobacco-dependent smokers (e10 cigarettes/day; 18-50 years old) will be recruited from the local community. While in the fMRI scanner, subjects will make real choices regarding whether or not to take a puff of an electronic cigarette in three different types of dual-task conditions; working memory (WM), emotional distress (ED), and fixation control (FC). Stressful cognitive overload will be induced by a concurrent WM task and emotional distress will be induced by threat of electric shock stimulation. We hypothesize that (1) the moment-to-moment brain signals in affective (increased craving-related activity) and cognitive (decreased self- control-related activity) brain regions will predict subsequent self-regulation failures (lapses), and (2) cognitive overload and affective distress will modulate the pattern of functional connectivity of brain activation that predicts trial-by-trial self-regulation outcomes. The knowledge gained from our study that predicts real smoking-regulation choices will have strong ecological validity and provide valuable transformative information for developing novel clinical interventions that may prevent smoking lapses before they actually occur. Beyond smoking cessation treatments, our project outcomes will inform understanding of other self-control related maladaptive lifestyle behaviors (e.g., obesity, alcohol abuse, etc.) that increase one's risk for cancer.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议确定在人受到压力时预测吸烟自我调节的神经生物学机制。即使辞职或决定辞职，对烟草的渴望仍在继续，尤其是在暴露于 急性应力。在压力的情况下，自我控制可能会失败，通常会导致复发。以前的行为和神经影像学研究尚未提供有关自我控制的神经生物学基础的特定信息，这些信息可用于防止在特定时刻（例如，弃权后单个泡芙）来防止自我控制失败（即复发）。如果吸烟失误在实际发生之前是可以预测的，那么在科幻电影中经常想象的是提前提供临床干预措施（例如，“少数族裔报告”）。 我们将研究自我调节如何通过使用脑部AS-AS-PREDICTOR功能磁共振成像（fMRI）方法和我们定制的MRI兼容电子烟输送系统来失败，从而使我们可以在fMRI扫描中研究“真实”的吸烟决策。这项研究的主要目的是阐明在认知超负荷和情绪困扰下，在瞬间的基础上，在认知超负荷和情绪困扰下的自我控制的精确心理和神经生物学机制。 依赖烟草的吸烟者（每天E10香烟； 18-50岁）将从当地社区招募。在fMRI扫描仪中，受试者会在三种不同类型的双任务条件下是否在三种不同类型的双任务条件下取出电子烟的人做出真正的选择；工作记忆（WM），情绪困扰（ED）和固定控制（FC）。压力认知超负荷将由同时发生的WM任务引起，情绪困扰将由电击刺激的威胁引起。我们假设（1）情感到情感的大脑信号（与渴望相关的活动增加）和认知（自我对照相关的活动降低）大脑区域将预测随后的自我调节失败（失误），以及（2）认知过载和情感遇险将调节大脑激活的功能连接性，以预测试验性的自我调查。 从我们的研究中获得的知识可以预测实际的吸烟调节选择将具有很强的生态有效性，并为开发新型的临床干预措施提供了有价值的变革性信息，这些信息可能会在实际发生之前阻止吸烟失误。除了戒烟治疗外，我们的项目成果还将告知人们对其他相关的适应不良生活方式行为（例如肥胖，酗酒等）的理解，从而增加了癌症的风险。