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Integrating the Timescales of Word Learning

整合单词学习的时间尺度

基本信息

批准号：
8663704
负责人：
LARISSA K SAMUELSON
金额：
$ 22.78万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-07-01 至 2015-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Word learning is a complex phenomenon because it is tied to many different behaviors. It also involves many different perceptual and conceptual systems and is extended in time. Although complex, achieving a richer understanding of early word learning is a fundamental goal given that vocabulary development is correlated with later cognitive functioning and with processes that have a pervasive impact on general cognitive abilities such as executive function. Moreover, deficits in early word learning have a profound effect on cognitive functioning in atypical populations including children with specific language impairment. Given the complexity of word learning, a central challenge has been to establish empirical paradigms that effectively reveal the processes of word learning and to develop new theories that uncover the mechanisms that move word learning forward. Our previous work suggests word learning occurs in a cascade of individual decisions about word meaning in the moment. These decisions build on each other to shape subsequent decisions and, over multiple timescales, create developmental change. The goal of this grant is to develop and test a unified model of word learning that captures processes at both the second-to-second and developmental timescales and provides a process-based account of how individual behaviors accumulate to create development. The research plan builds and tests this model. Specific Aim 1 creates a unified model of word learning behaviors that extends beyond our prior work on noun generalization to include processes of comprehension, production, referent selection, and generalization from multiple exemplars. Specific Aim 2 adds a more complete account of object-word interactions and the development of word learning biases. Specific Aim 3 adds a memory process, enabling the model to learn a lexicon over multiple timescales and develop word learning biases. The end result of this work will be models of individual developmental trajectories that integrate word learning processes over multiple timescales-a necessary step towards intervention in cases of atypical development such as SLI, or prematurity. The integration of processes over multiple timescales and at the level of individual participants is an issue few models have addressed directly. Furthermore, the model we propose brings together work on object processing in visual cognition with work on early word learning an is related to a larger program of neurally-grounded modeling work that integrates across multiple visual, spatial, motor and language systems. Thus this model will be foundational to a full understanding of the multiple systems involved in word learning and vocabulary development, and to the interaction of these processes with cognition more generally.

描述（由申请人提供）：单词学习是一种复杂的现象，因为它与许多不同的行为有关。它还涉及许多不同的感知和概念系统，并在时间上得到扩展。虽然复杂，实现早期单词学习的更丰富的理解是一个基本的目标，因为词汇的发展与后来的认知功能和过程，具有普遍的影响一般认知能力，如执行功能。此外，早期单词学习的缺陷对非典型人群（包括具有特定语言障碍的儿童）的认知功能有深远的影响。鉴于词汇学习的复杂性，一个核心的挑战是建立有效揭示词汇学习过程的经验范式，并发展新的理论，揭示推动词汇学习的机制。我们之前的研究表明，单词学习发生在一系列关于单词意义的个人决定中。这些决策相互影响，形成后续决策，并在多个时间尺度上创造发展变化。这项资助的目标是开发和测试一个统一的单词学习模型，该模型可以捕获秒到秒和发展时间尺度的过程，并提供一个基于过程的帐户，说明个人行为如何积累以创造发展。研究计划建立和测试这个模型。具体目标1创建了一个单词学习行为的统一模型，该模型超越了我们先前对名词概括的研究，包括理解、产生、所指选择和从多个范例中概括的过程。具体目标2增加了一个更完整的帐户的对象字的相互作用和发展的单词学习偏见。具体目标3增加了一个记忆过程，使模型能够在多个时间尺度上学习词汇，并形成单词学习偏见。这项工作的最终结果将是模型的个人发展轨迹，整合单词学习过程在多个时间尺度上的非典型发展的情况下，如SLI，或早产的干预是必要的一步。在多个时间尺度上和在单个参与者的水平上的过程的集成是很少有模型直接解决的问题。此外，我们提出的模型将视觉认知中的对象处理工作与早期单词学习工作结合在一起，并与一个更大的基于神经的建模工作计划相关，该计划集成了多个视觉，空间，运动和语言系统。因此，这个模型将是一个基础，以充分理解的多个系统参与单词学习和词汇的发展，以及这些过程与认知更普遍的相互作用。