SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF NEONATAL MEDICINE

进行临床试验以评估新药、诊断测试、特定疗法或手术干预的益处的个体研究人员，将他们的结果发表在同行评议的期刊上。虽然不同的研究人员对具体的干预措施进行了研究，但他们的发现可能与以前的出版商的发现相同，也可能不同。这可能导致医生在选择合适的治疗方法时遇到困难。例如，如果四项研究测试了一种抗生素对喉咙痛的效果，得出的结论是这种药物无效，而另外两项研究得出的结论是这种药物非常有效，还有五项研究发现这种药物实际上会使疾病恶化，那么临床医生就无法确定这种药物的有效性。这些相互矛盾的结果需要得到解决，以明确“集体证据”的方向，使医生能够为患者提供最合适的治疗。

Individual researchers, who conduct clinical trials to evaluate the benefits of new drugs, diagnostic tests, specific therapies, or surgical interventions, publish their results in peer-reviewed journals. While various researchers conduct studies on specific interventions, their findings may or may not be the same as those of previous publishers. This can lead to difficulties in choosing appropriate therapy for the practitioner. For example, if four studies testing the effect of an antibiotic for sore throat conclude that the drug was not effective, while two others conclude that was extremely effective, and five studies fmd that the drug can actually worsened the disease, the clinicians are unable to determine the effectiveness of the drug. These contradictory outcomes need to be resolved to clarify the direction of the "collective evidence" to enable doctors to offer the most appropriate therapy to their patients. In 1992, an international group of scientists launched a process systematically evaluating and updating existing evidence concerning how medical practice is carried out. These scientists also conceived a means for timely dissemination of the existing evidence for the practice of medicine. This new statistical and review method or "Systematic Reviews" is a painstaking process of searching all the published literature, selecting the most appropriate studies, summarizing the study results in a systematic and unbiased manner, and writing the fmdings in a manuscript format describing the results of summary or the 'current best evidence.' Such manuscripts are usually published by medical joumals, or specialized review groups The purpose of this acquisition, is to have the contractor periodically perform high quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses on published reports on diagnostic tests, and medical and surgical treatment interventions in the neonatal¿ pprinatal medicine, and provide the individual reports in a specified electronic format to the NICHD for posting on its public website. The electronic manuscript with summary evidence is made available on the NICHD website to help pediatricians across USA to access it freely, guiding their practice. By posting the systematic reviews on a federal webpage, this will allow students, medical, surgical, and nursing practitioners across USA to have FREE access to the valuable reviews, which otherwise would need to be paid for. This is a unique accomplishment for NICHD, since this is helping to bridge a much needed gap within the medical community.