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Theory of Resurgence of Cocaine Seeking

可卡因复兴理论

基本信息

批准号：
8723634
负责人：
Timothy A Shahan
金额：
$ 17.36万
依托单位：
UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-05-01 至 2016-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8723634
关键词：
Abstinence Accounting Animal Behavior Animal Model Animals Behavior Behavior Control Behavior Therapy Behavioral Child Chronic Clinical Clinical Treatment Cocaine Cues Data Development Developmental Disabilities Disease Drug Addiction Drug abuse Drug usage Event Exposure to Extinction (Psychology)Food Frequencies Future Human Intervention Laboratories Learning Literature Modeling Occupations Operant Conditioning Outcome Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Problem behavior Procedures Production Psychological reinforcement Public Health Rattus Relapse Research Rewards Role Self Administration Source Stress Substance abuse problem Testing Translating Translations addiction base conditioning disability drug of abuse drug reinforcement drug relapse non-drug novel prevent public health relevance reinforced behavior reinforcer research study theories voucher

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant: Relapse is one of the defining features of drug addiction and can be precipitated by a variety of events such as exposure to drugs, drug cues, or stress. Drug taking is operant behavior, and drugs abused by humans function as reinforcers for animals in drug self-administration procedures. Availability of non-drug reinforcement decreases drug self-administration in the laboratory, and behavioral interventions explicitly arranging alternative non-drug reinforcers have been some of the most successful treatments for drug addiction. However, relapse is common when such treatment ends and the alternative reinforcers are no longer provided. Furthermore, loss of non-drug reinforcement outside of treatment might play a role in stress-related relapse more generally. Although existing animal models of relapse are useful for examining the mechanisms of relapse, they do not examine relapse induced by loss of reinforcement for alternative behavior. We have shown that "resurgence", another relapse phenomenon in operant conditioning, can provide a useful animal model of drug relapse induced by loss of alternative reinforcement. Resurgence refers to the reappearance of an extinguished operant behavior when an alternative behavior reinforced during extinction is also subsequently placed on extinction. We have demonstrated resurgence of extinguished cocaine self-administration of rats and have developed a quantitative model of resurgence that does a good job accounting for the existing data on resurgence of food-maintained behavior. The theory has proven useful in translation to clinical treatments using alternative reinforcement to reduce problem behavior of children with development disabilities, but has not been examined within the context of drug seeking. This R21 CEBRA project will adapt this theory to addictions research. Specific Aim 1 examines core predictions of the theory about how drug reinforcement and alternative reinforcement interact in the production of relapse. The theory predicts that more frequent or larger alternative reinforcers produce greater relapse when alternative reinforcement is removed. There is some evidence that patients receiving larger vouchers during treatment are more likely to relapse than those achieving similar levels of abstinence with smaller vouchers. Thus, in addition to serving a critical role in adapting the theory to addictions research, completion of this aim could also show how the theory might be useful for informing future interventions for substance abuse. Specific Aim 2 examines two predictions of the theory about how relapse induced by loss of alternative non-drug reinforcement might be reduced. Completion of aim this will serve a critical role in examining the predictive validity of the theory for drug seeking and evaluate its utility in generating novel hypotheses about how relapse might be reduced.

描述（由申请人提供）：复发是药物成瘾的定义特征之一，可由各种事件（如暴露于药物、药物线索或压力）促成。药物服用是一种操作性行为，人类滥用的药物在药物自我给药过程中起着动物的替代者的作用。非药物强化的可用性减少了实验室中的药物自我给药，明确安排替代非药物强化剂的行为干预是药物成瘾最成功的治疗方法之一。然而，当这种治疗结束并且不再提供替代治疗时，复发是常见的。此外，治疗外非药物强化的丧失可能在更普遍的压力相关复发中发挥作用。虽然现有的复发动物模型是有用的检查复发的机制，他们没有检查复发引起的替代行为的强化损失。我们已经表明，“复苏”，在操作性条件反射的另一个复发现象，可以提供一个有用的动物模型的药物复发引起的替代强化的损失。复活是指一个被消灭的操作性行为的再现，当一个在消灭过程中被强化的替代行为也随后被置于消灭状态时。我们已经证明了熄灭可卡因自我管理的大鼠的复苏，并已开发出一个定量模型的复苏，做了很好的工作占现有的数据复苏的食物维持的行为。该理论已被证明是有用的，在翻译到临床治疗使用替代强化，以减少问题行为的儿童发育障碍，但尚未在药物寻求的背景下进行检查。这个R21 CEBRA项目将使这一理论适用于成瘾研究。具体目标1研究了关于药物强化和替代强化如何在复发的产生中相互作用的理论的核心预测。该理论预测，当替代强化被移除时，更频繁或更大的替代强化会产生更大的复发。有一些证据表明，在治疗期间接受较大代金券的患者比那些用较小代金券达到类似戒断水平的患者更容易复发。因此，除了在以下方面发挥关键作用外，将该理论应用于成瘾研究，完成这一目标也可以表明该理论如何有助于为今后的药物滥用干预提供信息。具体目标2研究了关于如何减少替代非药物强化损失引起的复发的理论的两个预测。完成的目的，这将在检查药物寻求理论的预测有效性，并评估其效用，在产生新的假设如何可能减少复发的关键作用。