Prenatal pyrethroid exposure and child mental, motor and behavioral development

描述（由申请方提供）：由于禁止家庭使用有机磷（OP）杀虫剂，拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂暴露是一个日益严重的健康问题。拟除虫菊酯已取代OP用于住宅害虫防治。美国各地的使用量正在增加，尤其是在纽约市（NYC）。实验和初步流行病学数据表明，产前暴露可能会对儿童的智力，运动和行为发育产生不利影响。然而，迫切需要进行更多的研究。本研究的目的是检查产前暴露于拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的生物标志物是否与儿童的认知、运动和行为发育不良有关。在此过程中，我们还将验证产前暴露于这些化合物的尿生物标志物，用于流行病学研究。为了实现这一目标，我们使用了两个正在进行的纵向出生队列的数据，其中包括n=325纽约市的母亲和儿童。拟除虫菊酯代谢物将在妊娠期间采集和储存的所有女性尿液样本中进行测量。年龄在48-58个月之间的儿童，家庭将被邀请到我们的诊所进行发育评估。将使用Wechsler学龄前和小学智力量表（第3版）评估认知发育;使用Bruininks-Oseretsky运动能力测试（第2版）评估运动发育;使用执行功能行为评定量表（学龄前版）评估执行功能。将进行家访，以获取有关育儿环境的数据。将收集儿童血液样本以测量全血中的铅。将对母亲进行问卷调查，更新社会和人口信息、吸烟史、母亲满意度和士气低落（精神病学流行病学研究工具士气低落量表），并收集农药使用数据。还将评估母亲的智力（非语言智力测试，第3版）。GIS制图将被用来模拟邻里水平的SES和其他特征，这可能是一个混杂因素，在目前的研究。将使用多元线性回归分析检查拟除虫菊酯代谢产物与结局之间的相关性，调整潜在混杂因素和多重比较。本研究的结果将具有直接的公共卫生重要性，并将为未来检查拟除虫菊酯毒性的研究提供信息。拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的室内使用急剧增加。初步数据表明，产前暴露于拟除虫菊酯会对儿童的学习和行为产生不利影响。然而，之前没有研究评估母体产前尿液中的拟除虫菊酯代谢物与儿童认知、运动或行为结局之间的相关性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure to pyrethroid insecticides is a growing health concern due to the ban on residential use of organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Pyrethroids have replaced OP for residential pest control. Use is increasing across the U.S. and is particularly high in New York City (NYC). Experimental and preliminary epidemiologic data suggest that prenatal exposure may adversely affect child mental, motor and behavioral development. However, additionally research is urgently needed. The goals of this study are to examine whether biomarkers of prenatal exposure to pyrethroid insecticides are associated with adverse children's cognitive, motor and behavioral development. In doing so, we will also validate a urinary biomarker of prenatal exposure to these compounds for use in epidemiologic research. To accomplish this, we use data from two ongoing longitudinal birth cohorts which together comprise n=325 NYC mothers and children. Pyrethroid metabolites will be measured in urine samples collected and stored from all women during pregnancy. Between child ages 48-58 months, families will be invited to our clinic for development assessments. Cognitive development will be assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3rd edition; motor development using the Bruininks-OseretskyTest of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition; and executive function using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version. A home visit will be made to obtain data on the childrearing environment. Child blood samples will be collected to measure lead in whole blood. Questionnaires will be administered to the mother updating social and demographic information, smoking history, and maternal satisfaction and demoralization (the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Instrument Demoralization Scale) and to gather data on pesticide use. Maternal intelligence will also be assessed (the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence, 3rd edition). GIS mapping will be used to model neighborhood level SES and other characteristics which may act as a confounder in the current study. Multiple linear regression analysis will be used to examine associations between the pyrethroid metabolites and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders and multiple comparisons. Results from this study will have immediate public health importance and will inform future studies examining pyrethroid toxicities. Indoor uses of pyrethroid insecticides have been increasing dramatically. Preliminary data suggest that prenatal pyrethroids exposure can adversely affects child learning and behavior. However, no prior study has evaluated associations between pyrethroid metabolites in maternal prenatal urine and cognitive, motor or behavioral outcomes in children.