High Risk Crack Use Settings and HIV in El Salvador

萨尔瓦多的高风险快克使用环境和艾滋病毒

• 批准号: 8603228
• 负责人: Julia B Dickson-Gomez
• 金额: $ 52.17万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-20 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8603228
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Affect; Africa South of the Sahara; Asia; Attention; Awareness; Behavior; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Central America; Clinic; Code; Collaborations; Communities; Country; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Decision Making; Developing Countries; Drug usage; El Salvador; Epidemic; Evaluation; Event; Evidence based intervention; Exposure to; Government; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV risk; Health; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Illicit Drugs; Incentives; Individual; International; Interpersonal Violence; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Latin America; Lead; Life; Low income; Measures; Methods; Multiple Partners; Participant; Persons; Phase; Population; Population Intervention; Preventive Intervention; Process; Public Health; Qualitative Methods; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Running; Salvadoran; Site; Social Environment; Social Network; Social Problems; Social Work; Structure; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Time Series Analysis; Training; Translating; Translations; base; behavior change; combat; community intervention; community setting; condoms; effectiveness measure; empowerment; high risk; high risk behavior; informant; intervention effect; meetings; neglect; non-drug; parent project; peer; protective behavior; public health relevance; scale up; sex; sex risk; skills; social; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed project is a renewal of "High Risk Crack Use Settings and HIV in El Salvador" and builds on a successful research collaboration between the Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), the Universidad Centroamericana Jos¿ Sime¿n Ca¿as (UCA) and the Fundaci¿n Antidrogas de El Salvador (FUNDASALVA) to test a multi-level community-based intervention developed in the parent project in collaboration with community residents, crack users, and the Ministry of Public Health and Social Services. Project Encuentro consists of provision of social network HIV testing and Peer Network Interventions among crack users. Specific aims of the proposed research are: (1) To measure the effectiveness of the multi-level community-based intervention with regard to increasing testing rates and decreasing sexual risk behavior among crack users; (2) To analyze the combined effects of the Peer Network and social network HIV testing components on increases in testing and reductions in sexual risk behavior among crack users; (3)To explore the community and organizational factors of successful or unsuccessful implementation (systems level analysis) of various components of the multi-level, community-based HIV prevention intervention. To accomplish these aims we will use a mixed qualitative, quantitative approach. In order to explore aims 1 and 2, we will conduct cross-sectional surveys with crack users residing, buying or using crack in each of the 4 community sites (n=300 per assessment) and measure HIV testing rates in MSPAS clinics before and after implementation of the social network HIV testing. Implementation of the intervention components will be rolled out consecutively, and we will administer multiple assessments (6 total, including 2 baselines) in order to assess trends in increasing effects of the intervention components over time. We will also carefully measure exposure to non-Encuentro HIV prevention interventions and information, to further rule out historical change unrelated to our intervention. To explore aim 3, we will conduct semi-structured interviews with community partners, and observations of trainings, community meetings and steering committee meetings. To examine fidelity and quality of intervention components, we also will collect observations of HIV testing, and sessions of the Peer Network Intervention with crack users. Data for Specific Aim 3 will be collected throughout the project. Results from key informant interviews and observations will be coded to reflect key systems factors related to successful implementation of intervention components in the four community sites. Coded barriers and facilitators will then be included as data in the cross-section surveys for each community, corresponding to the same time periods of intervention implementations and field observation or interviews.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议项目是“萨尔瓦多高风险裂纹使用环境和艾滋病毒”的更新，并建立在艾滋病干预研究中心（CAIR）、中美洲大学乔斯·西蒙·卡阿斯大学（UCA）和萨尔瓦多反毒基金会（FUNDASALVA）之间成功的研究合作基础上，以测试基于社区的多层次干预措施 在母项目中与社区居民、破解用户以及公共卫生和社会服务部合作开发。 Encuentro 项目包括在破解用户中提供社交网络 HIV 检测和同伴网络干预。拟议研究的具体目标是：（1）衡量基于社区的多层次干预措施在提高检测率和减少快克使用者中性危险行为方面的有效性； (2) 分析同伴网络和社交网络艾滋病毒检测成分对增加检测次数和减少高危用户性危险行为的综合影响； (3)探讨多层次、以社区为基础的艾滋病预防干预措施的各个组成部分成功或不成功实施（系统水平分析）的社区和组织因素。为了实现这些目标，我们将使用混合定性、定量方法。为了探索目标 1 和 2，我们将对 4 个社区站点中每一个居住、购买或使用破解的破解用户进行横断面调查（每次评估 n = 300），并测量实施社交网络 HIV 检测前后 MSPAS 诊所的 HIV 检测率。干预措施的实施将连续推出，我们将进行多项评估（总共 6 项，包括 2 项基线），以评估干预措施随时间推移效果增强的趋势。我们还将仔细衡量非 Encuentro HIV 预防干预措施和信息的暴露程度，以进一步排除与我们的干预措施无关的历史变化。为了探索目标 3，我们将与社区合作伙伴进行半结构化访谈，并对培训、社区会议和指导委员会会议进行观察。为了检查干预措施的保真度和质量，我们还将收集 HIV 检测的观察结果以及与破解用户进行的同伴网络干预会议。具体目标 3 的数据将在整个项目中收集。关键知情人访谈和观察的结果将被编码，以反映与四个社区站点成功实施干预措施相关的关键系统因素。然后，编码的障碍和促进因素将作为数据包含在每个社区的横断面调查中，对应于干预实施和现场观察或访谈的同一时间段。