Engineering the Eye IV Restoring Vision

眼睛工程 IV 恢复视力

• 批准号: 8785777
• 负责人: William H Merigan
• 金额: $ 1.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8785777
• 关键词: Address; Blinded; Brain; Cone; Development; Devices; Disease; Electrodes; Electronics; Engineering; Europe; Eye; Fellowship; Form Perception; Future; Genetic; Goals; Human; Implant; Laboratory Animals; Length; Life; Light; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Motion; Neuronal Plasticity; Ocular Prosthesis; Pathology; Patients; Perception; Peripheral; Play; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prevention; Prosthesis; Publications; Recovery; Research; Research Personnel; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Risk; Role; Scientist; Specialist; Stem cells; Students; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Travel; United States; Viral Vector; Vision; Vision Disorders; Vision research; Visual; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Work; base; blind; deprivation; electronic visual prosthesis; gene therapy; implantation; light gated; luminance; meetings; posters; public health relevance; restoration; retinal neuron; retinal prosthesis; retinal rods; symposium; vision development; vision science; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Restoration of vision has long been a goal of vision research. It has been studied sporadically since the 1700s, but first produced effective vision restoration when arrays of stimulating electrodes were implanted into the brain, initially by Brindley in 1968 and subsequently by William Dobelle in the 1980s. Since that time, there has been rapid development of a wide range of methods for vision restoration, most of which have been examined only in laboratory animals. These include such diverse approaches as implantation of stem cells into retina and the insertion of light-gated channels into inner retinal neurons. The restoration method that has had the most impact recently, however, is the implantation of electronic stimulation devices just below or above the retina, an approach which recently received CE Mark approval in Europe and FDA approval in the United States. The rapid progress in developing vision restoration technologies has resulted in conferences and publications on technical challenges facing each approach. However, there has been little direct comparison of which methods best meet the goals of vision restoration. Discussion between research groups involved with different approaches has been limited in part by the unique constraints on each methodology. For example, implantation of electronic retinal prostheses is routinely performed in blind humans, although much parallel research continues to examine electronic stimulation of retinal ganglion cells in laboratory animals. Human perception can be easily tested, thus this approach has been shown to produce perceptual benefits, unlike other methods such as viral vectors and pluripotent stem cells that involve great risks of pathology in humans and have therefore been conducted largely in laboratory animals. On the other hand, pluripotent stem cells and use of light sensitive prosthetics such as channelrhodopsin might provide important advantages over electronic prostheses, but analysis of this question requires clear identification of the goals of vision restoration. The 29th Symposium of the Center for Visual Science will bring vision restoration researchers together with low vision specialists who study the importance for daily living of such visual capabilities as: foveal versus peripheral vision, motion versus form perception, and high luminance cone versus low luminance rod mediated vision. It will examine vision restoration in light of the variety of disorders that damag vision and the type of information that partially or totally blind patients need to function normaly. It will also consider the role played by central visual pathways in restoring vision, limitations t recovery resulting from alteration of early visual development, and the importance of cortical plasticity in refinement of visual perception as patients adapt to their visual prosthesis. The conference will also provide an opportunity for students and post-docs to present their work in poster sessions, and will make competitive travel fellowships available to the best of the students and post- docs who wish to attend and present their work.

描述（申请人提供）：恢复视力一直是视觉研究的目标。自18世纪以来，人们对其进行了零星的研究，但当刺激电极阵列被植入大脑时，首次产生了有效的视力恢复效果，最初是由布林德利在1968年进行的，随后是威廉·多贝尔在20世纪80年代进行的。从那时起，视力恢复的各种方法得到了迅速发展，其中大多数只在实验动物中进行了试验。这些方法包括将干细胞植入视网膜和将光控通道插入视网膜内部等多种方法