A Mixed Methods Approach to Implicit and Explicit Identification with NSSI

 描述(由申请人提供)：精神病成人中非自杀性自残(NSSI)的预测因素和维持因素仍然是一个关键的研究领域，需要经验性的关注。越来越多的研究阐明了NSSI的几个横断面风险因素(例如，情绪失调、抑郁；Andover，Morris，Wren，&Bruzzese，2012)。这些发现与理论模型是一致的，包括四功能模型(Nock&Prinstein，2004,2005)和情感调节模型(见KLonsky，2007)，强调了消极情感在NSSI中的作用。最近的研究表明，一些人自我认定为“自我伤害者”，并参与NSSI以保持身份认同(Breen，Lewis，&Sutherland，2013)。然而，对NSSI身份的作用的调查(例如，将其确定为一个“切割者”) 对NSSI的维护仍然很少，现有的研究存在方法上的局限性(例如，自我报告方法论；Nock&Banaji，2007)。这项拟议的研究旨在提高人们对NSSI身份在混合方法研究设计中NSSI的维持和严重性方面的作用的认识。总体目标与国家心理健康研究所的战略目标2.3是一致的，即“开发工具，更好地定义和识别终生精神疾病的风险和保护因素。”具体地说，我们将通过收集原始的定量和定性数据来检验NSSI身份的构建，检查NSSI的隐性(即，自动的；基于实验室的)和显性(即，自我报告的)认同。拟议的项目将通过使用混合方法设计来增强现有知识，以在NSSI研究的背景下探索这一新结构。本研究的目的是(1)通过一周的重测设计，考察内隐NSSI认同与对NSSI的态度的稳定性；(2)探讨内隐NSSI认同对NSSI的维持性和严重度的影响；(3)通过定性访谈和混合方法分析，探索外显NSSI认同及其与内隐NSSI认同的关系。拟议的研究和培训计划将为PI提供以下培训：(1)对NSSI科学研究中混合方法设计的理论和分析方面的理解，(2)定量和定性方法学和分析方面的高级培训，(3)NSSI特定实验室行为评估措施的使用，自伤内隐联想任务(SI-IAT；Nock&Banaji，2007)，(4)了解与NSSI相关的隐含和显性过程，(5)在科学写作和研究传播方面的进一步经验，以及(6)在急性治疗环境中进行创新的NSSI研究的伦理行为。本研究对临床实践具有直接的指导意义。更好地了解NSSI身份在坚持治疗中可能发挥的作用，以及开发管理痛苦的替代应对策略，将加强对维持NSSI的因素的理解，为预防和干预努力、治疗开发以及风险评估和管理提供关键信息。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The predictors and maintaining factors of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among psychiatric adults remains a critical area of research requiring empirical attention. A growing body of research has elucidated several cross-sectional risk factors for NSSI (e.g., emotional dysregulation, depression; Andover, Morris, Wren, & Bruzzese, 2012). These findings are consistent with theoretical models, including the four function model (Nock & Prinstein, 2004, 2005) and the affect regulation model (see Klonsky, 2007), highlighting the role of negative affect in NSSI. Recent findings indicate that some individuals self-identify a "self-injurers" and engage in NSSI to preserve identity (Breen, Lewis, & Sutherland, 2013). However, investigation of the role of NSSI identity (e.g., identifying as a "cutter") for the onset and maintenance of NSSI remains scarce and the available research contains methodological limitations (e.g., self-report methodology; Nock & Banaji, 2007). The proposed study aims to advance knowledge of the role of NSSI identity in the maintenance and severity of NSSI in a mixed methods study design. The overall goal is congruent with National Institute of Mental Health's Strategic Objective 2.3, to "develop tools to better define and identify risk and protective factors for mental illness across the lifespan." Specifically, we will examine the construct of NSSI identity through the collection of original quantitative and qualitative data examining both implicit (i.e., automatic; laboratory-based) and explicit (i.e., self-reported) identification with NSSI. The proposed project will enhance existing knowledge by using a mixed methods design to explore this novel construct in the context of NSSI research. The aims of the project are (1) examine the stability of implicit NSSI identity, compared to attitude toward NSSI, in a one week, test-retest design, (2) explore the impact of implicit NSSI identity on maintenance and severity of NSSI, and (3) explore explicit NSSI identity and its relationship to implicit NSSI identity through qualitative interviews and mixed methods analysis. The proposed research and training plan will provide the PI with training in (1) theoretical and analytical understanding of mixed methods design in the scientific study of NSSI, (2) advanced training in both quantitative and qualitative methodology and analysis, (3) use of a NSSI-specific laboratory-based behavioral assessment measure of NSSI, the Self-Injury Implicit Association Task (SI-IAT; Nock & Banaji, 2007), (4) understanding implicit and explicit processes associated with NSSI, (5) further experience in scientific writing and research dissemination, and (6) the ethical conduct of innovative NSSI research in an acute treatment setting. This research has direct implications for clinical practice. Improved knowledge about the role NSSI identity may play in treatment adherence and development of alternative coping strategies to manage distress will enhance understanding of factors that maintain NSSI, offering critical information fo prevention and intervention efforts, treatment development, and risk assessment and management.