Cascading effects of an experimental maternal stress on infants and the dyad

 描述（由申请人提供）：婴儿与母亲之间的互动质量被广泛认为是影响婴儿发育的主要过程。相互调节模型（MRM）将婴儿和他们的母亲概念化为通过在每时每刻的基础上对彼此的需求和意图的交流展示做出反应来共同调节他们的社会互动。MRM的一个主要原则是，强调母亲或婴儿将扰乱他们的调节能力，导致互动混乱。奇怪的是，虽然已经开发了实验操作来检查婴儿调节压力源的能力（例如，手臂约束，静止的脸），很少有研究探讨母亲的调节能力时，她是实验性的压力和这种破坏如何失调她的婴儿。为了帮助填补这一空白的研究，本项目的目标是实验性地操纵产妇暴露于压力的第一次母亲和他们的婴儿，并研究压力源的级联效应的组织的二元互动的监管系统在一个典型的，足月和压力脆弱的，早产婴儿和他们的母亲的样本。在每组内，将二联体随机分配到两个实验条件之一中，实验母体应激或非应激条件。在静息生理基线之后，所有二人组开始以基线面对面游戏情节（PlayBL）来评估预压力调节性交流行为和生理。接下来，母亲们参与了母亲压力条件下，他们听一个已知的父母压力源，婴儿痛苦的哭声， 或者在没有压力的情况下，他们会听&lt;< infant positive vocalizations>&gt;。然后，两组都将经历面对面静止面孔（FFSF）范式，该范式包括一个游戏情节（Play1），随后是静止面孔（SF）婴儿应激源，以及最后一个游戏情节（Play2）。 将使用多种测量的独特组合来评价个体和二元压力效应，所述测量包括从母亲和婴儿收集的行为、唾液激素、心脏和皮肤电活动，以及从母亲记录的自我报告的压力。 拟议的项目将引入一个可靠的范例来操纵产妇的压力，并将评估压力对二元组织的即时和直接影响。从这项研究中获得的知识将有助于确定母亲谁是更容易受到压力，从长远来看，有可能不断破坏二元互动，随后损害婴儿的健康情绪调节和发展的能力。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The quality of interactions between infants and their mothers is widely held as a primary process affecting infant development. The Mutual Regulation Model (MRM) conceptualizes infants and their mothers as co- regulating their social interactions by responding to each other's communicative displays of their needs and intentions on a moment-to-moment basis. A major tenet of the MRM is that stressing either the mother or infant will disrupt their regulatory capacity leading to interactive disorganization. Oddly, while experimental manipulations have been developed to examine infant capacities for regulation of a stressor (e.g., arm restraint, the still-face), few studies have examined mothers' capacity for regulation when she is experimentally stressed and how such a disruption dysregulates her infant. To help fill this gap in the research, the goal of this project is to experimentally manipulate maternal exposure to stress for first-time mothers and their infants and to study the stressors' cascading effects on the organization of the dyadic-interactive regulatory system in both a typical, full-term and stress-vulnerable, preterm sample of infants and their mothers. Within each group, dyads will be randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions, an experimental maternal stress or non- stress condition. Following a resting physiological baseline, all dyads begin with a baseline face-to-face play episode (PlayBL) to evaluate pre-stress regulatory communicative behaviors and physiology. Next mothers participate in the maternal stress condition in which they listen to a known parental stressor, infant distress cries, or a non-stress condition in which they listen to << infant positive vocalizations>>. Both groups will then experience the Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm which consists of a play episode (Play1), followed by the still-face (SF) infant stressor, and a final play episode (Play2). Individual and dyadic stress effects will be evaluated using a unique combination of multiple measures that includes behavior, salivary hormones, cardiac, and electrodermal activity collected from mothers and infants, and self-reported stress recorded from mothers. The proposed project will introduce a reliable paradigm for manipulating maternal stress and will evaluate the immediate and direct effects of stress on dyadic organization. Knowledge gained from this study will help in identifying mothers who are more vulnerable to stress which in the long run has the potential to continually disrupt dyadic interactions and subsequently compromise the infant's capacity for healthy emotion regulation and development.