Neural Basis of Object Motion Perception During Self-Motion

自我运动过程中物体运动感知的神经基础

• 批准号: 8788405
• 负责人: GREGORY C DEANGELIS
• 金额: $ 18.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8788405
• 关键词: Accounting; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral Paradigm; Biological Models; Brain; Code; Complex; Cues; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Dorsal; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Goals; Head; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Judgment; Knowledge; Lateral; Lead; Life; Literature; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Mediating; Mind; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; Neurons; Noise; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Play; Population; Problem Solving; Process; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Proposals; Retina; Retinal; Role; Self Perception; Signal Transduction; Sum; System; Testing; Training; Translations; Visual Cortex; Visual Motion; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; Work; area MST; base; multisensory; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuromechanism; normal aging; object motion; optic flow; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; therapy development; vector; vision development; visual-vestibular

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Perceiving the motion of objects in our environment is critical to many aspects of daily life. Although much is known about the neural basis of visual motion perception, almost all of that knowledge is derived from experiments in which the observer's eyes and head remain stationary. When an observer is moving through the environment, the motion of an object on the retina depends on both the movement of the object in the world and the self-motion of the observer. Thus, to estimate the motion of objects in the world, self-motion must also be estimated and factored into the computation. This capability is critical to daily activities such as driving a vehicle, during which it is important to accurately judge the movement of other objects in the environment, such as other vehicles or pedestrians. As perception of self-motion is known to be degraded in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and during normal aging, understanding the neural basis of object motion perception during self-motion is of substantial importance to developing therapies for these deficits. To begin to study where and how neural circuits compensate for self-motion and compute the motion of objects in the world, we seek to develop a macaque model of object motion perception during self-motion. This endeavor poses some serious technical and analytical challenges, thus we seek an Exploratory/Developmental Research grant to develop an effective animal model to study this problem. Aim #1 seeks to develop a behavioral paradigm in which macaques are trained to judge object motion during self-motion, and to report their percepts in world-centered or retinocentric coordinates. Visual and vestibular cues to self-motion will be presented separately and together to determine the contribution of vestibular signals to this task. Our hypothesis is that vestibular signals contribute importantly to computing object motion in world coordinates. Aim #2 seeks to record from single neurons in area MST during performance of the object motion discrimination task. By analyzing single-unit responses and decoding population responses, we will explore the neural mechanisms by which retinal image motion is transformed into a representation of object motion in the world.

描述（由申请人提供）：感知我们环境中物体的运动对日常生活的许多方面都至关重要。虽然我们对视觉运动感知的神经基础已经有了很多了解，但几乎所有的知识都来自于观察者的眼睛和头部保持静止的实验。当观察者在环境中移动时，物体在视网膜上的运动取决于物体在世界中的运动和观察者的自我运动。因此，为了估计世界中物体的运动，还必须估计自运动并将其纳入计算。这种能力对于驾驶车辆等日常活动至关重要，在此期间，准确判断环境中其他物体（如其他车辆或行人）的运动非常重要。由于自我运动的感知在神经系统疾病如阿尔茨海默病和正常衰老过程中会退化，因此了解自我运动过程中物体运动感知的神经基础对于开发这些缺陷的治疗方法至关重要。为了开始研究神经回路在哪里以及如何补偿自我运动并计算世界上物体的运动，我们试图开发一种在自我运动期间物体运动感知的猕猴模型。这一奋进带来了一些严重的技术和分析挑战，因此我们寻求探索/发展研究资助，以开发有效的动物模型来研究这个问题。目标#1旨在开发一种行为范式，在这种范式中，猕猴被训练在自我运动过程中判断物体运动，并在以世界为中心或以视网膜为中心的坐标中报告其感知。自我运动的视觉和前庭线索将分别和一起提出，以确定前庭信号对这项任务的贡献。我们的假设是前庭信号对计算有重要贡献 世界坐标系中的物体运动。目标#2试图在执行物体运动辨别任务期间从MST区域中的单个神经元记录。通过分析单个单位的反应和解码人口的反应，我们将探讨视网膜图像运动转化为世界上的物体运动的代表性的神经机制。