Regulation of Mammary Cell Proliferation by Apical Polarity Proteins

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women. Current strategies to combat breast cancer mainly target late stage malignancies to extend lifespan; consequently, they often fail to result in disease free survival. While detection of pre-malignant lesions is increasingly accurate, the inability to predict which precancerous lesions lead to neoplastic growth has impeded efforts to identify patients that are likely to develop aggressive neoplasms or drugs to prevent this. This study addresses this issue by defining how the early loss of cellular differentiation is coordinated with the induction of aberrant proliferation by the adaptor protein Amot. Because the breakdown of the apical polarity is one of the earliest essential steps for cells to be sensitized to pro-growth signaling, such studies may explain how highly proliferative breast cancer cells that utilize ErbB type receptor tyrosine kinases for growth are formed. Our model relating these effects to a cellular mechanism posits that polarity proteins induce the prolonged activation of MAPKs. This is consistent with several reports that Ras and Erk1/2 must be targeted to endosomes to undergo prolonged activation that is required for cellular proliferation. The implications of this model for promoting the formation and progression of ErbB2 and triple negative type breast cancers will be investigated.