Understanding the Impact of School-Based Physical Activity Programs

描述(由申请人提供)：中等到剧烈的体力活动(MVPA)与多种身心健康益处相关，但只有不到一半的学龄儿童达到建议的每天60分钟的MVPA。只有12%的州强制要求医学研究所(IOM)建议小学每周上150分钟体育课，尽管MVPA与学业成绩之间存在正相关。此外，与社会经济地位较高的学校相比，社会经济地位(SES)较低的学校在体育活动(PA)支持政策、活动和环境方面的差异，可能会导致SES较低的儿童在学校的MVPA时间甚至更少。需要可调整和可扩展的以学校为基础的PA计划，以解决社会经济不利和种族多元化学区中服务不足的学童获得PA机会方面的差距。2013年秋季，积极学校加速项目(ASAP)向美国700所小学提供了小额助学金，用于在2013-2014学年实施屡获殊荣的校本PA计划，这些计划可以是1)100英里俱乐部，一个全天提供的步行和跑步计划，或者2)Just Move，一个基于课堂的PA休息计划。在2014-2015学年，这些计划将在全国范围内进一步扩大；然而，它们对服务不足儿童的MVPA增加和学业成功的影响尚未得到严格评估。这项申请的总体目标是在随机对照研究中检验在小学实施的两个PA计划，100英里俱乐部和Just Move，对服务不足的学童的身体活动参与度和学业成功的影响。感兴趣的结果包括在校时间和每天的总MVPA，认知表现和学习成绩。我们将进一步检验PA项目参与度的儿童层面的相关性和项目REACH的学校层面的相关性。我们建议通过研究马萨诸塞州肥胖率高、服务不足的学区内实施100英里俱乐部(n=7)或只是搬家(n=7)的学校与对照学校(n=7)的儿童来评估这些结果。结果将在5个月和1.5年后使用加速度法、标准化的认知表现评估和标准化的测试分数进行评估。这项随机和对照研究将回答一个重要的问题，即基于学校的PA计划是否是改善服务不足的学龄儿童的日常MVPA和学习成功的有效策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with a multitude of physical and mental health benefits, yet fewer than half of school-aged children achieve the recommended 60 minutes of daily MVPA. Only 12 percent of states mandate the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendation of 150 minutes of physical education per week at the elementary level, despite a positive association between MVPA and academic achievement. Further, disparities in physical activity (PA)-supporting policies, activities, and environments between lower-socioeconomic status (SES) schools compared to higher-SES schools, may result in even fewer minutes of school-time MVPA for lower-SES children. Adaptable and scalable school-based PA programs are needed to address disparities in PA opportunities available to underserved schoolchildren in socioeconomically disadvantaged and racially diverse school districts. In the fall of 2013, the Active Schools Acceleration Project (ASAP) provided 700 U.S. elementary schools with micro-grants to implement award winning school-based PA programs during the 2013-2014 school year, either 1) The 100 Mile Club, a walking and running program offered throughout the school day, or 2) Just Move, a classroom-based PA break program. In the 2014-2015 school year, these programs will be further expanded nationwide; however their impact on increased MVPA and academic success among underserved children has yet to be rigorously evaluated. The overall objective of this application is to examine the impact of two PA programs implemented in elementary schools, 100 Mile Club and Just Move, on physical activity engagement and academic success in underserved schoolchildren in a randomized controlled study. Outcomes of interest include school-time and total daily MVPA, cognitive performance, and academic achievement. We will further examine child-level correlates of PA program participation and school-level correlates of program reach. We propose to assess these outcomes by studying children in schools implementing either 100 Mile Club (n=7) or Just Move (n=7) compared to control schools (n=7) within underserved school districts with high obesity rates in Massachusetts. Outcomes will be assessed at 5 months and 1.5 years using accelerometry, a standardized cognitive performance assessment, and standardized test scores. This randomized and controlled study will answer the important question of whether school-based PA programs are an effective strategy to improve daily MVPA and academic success among underserved schoolchildren.