Gene Discovery in Primary Congenital Glaucoma

原发性先天性青光眼的基因发现

• 批准号: 8712499
• 负责人: Robert RAND ALLINGHAM
• 金额: $ 50.57万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8712499
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Age of Onset; Appointment; Architecture; Binding Proteins; Birth; Blindness; Blood; Blood specimen; CYP1B1 gene; Candidate Disease Gene; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Childhood; Chloride Ion; Chlorides; Clinical Data; Clinical Treatment; Code; Complex; Cytochrome P450; DNA; Data; Data Set; Databases; Development; Diagnosis; Diarrhea; Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing; Disease; Equipment and supply inventories; Exons; Family; Family Sizes; Family member; Funding; Future; Gene Expression; Gene Mutation; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Heterogeneity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome; Glaucoma; Gypsies; Individual; Informatics; Investigation; LTBP2 gene; Lead; Life; Light; Methods; Missense Mutation; Mutate; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences; Participant; Patients; Physiologic Intraocular Pressure; Population; Primary Open Angle Glaucoma; Process; RNA Splicing; Recruitment Activity; Regulatory Element; Relative (related person); Reporting; Sampling; Severities; Signal Transduction; Site; Splice-Site Mutation; Syndrome; Techniques; Terminator Codon; Time; Tissues; Trabecular meshwork structure; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Variant; Work; affection; base; comparative genomic hybridization; early childhood; exome; exome sequencing; eye center; family structure; follow-up; gene discovery; genetic linkage analysis; genetic pedigree; hearing impairment; high intraocular pressure; improved; in vitro Assay; myocilin; novel; optic nerve disorder; polypeptide; primary congenital glaucoma; promoter; public health relevance; response; segregation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) is an autosomal recessive, typically severe form of glaucoma that presents in early childhood. PCG is characterized by high intraocular pressure, leading to glaucomatous optic neuropathy associated with enlargement of the ocular globe. Four genetic loci-GLC3A, B, C and D- have been identified and the causative genes in two of these loci have been reported. Cytochrome P450 subfamily I polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1), is located within the GLC3A locus, and mutations in this gene account for approximately 10-20% of affected individuals in the US Caucasian population. The latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2 (LTBP2) gene, located within the GLC3D locus, is mutated in a small number of Pakistani and gypsy families, but variants in this gene have not been found in other populations. Finally, mutations in myocilin (MYOC) and CYP1B1 acting together have been implicated PCG in a large Canadian family. These genes account for only 10-20% of the PCG cases in the US, with the genetic etiology of the majority of PCG cases remaining unexplained. We propose to find mutations that cause PCG by sequencing every coding exon of every gene in 75 families containing individuals with PCG. This process, called whole exome sequencing, rapidly and efficiently provides a complete inventory of all deleterious mutations present in an individual's genome. This technique has been used to identify causative mutations for many different diseases including Miller syndrome, non-syndromic hearing loss, and congenital chloride diarrhea. Whole exome sequencing is ideally suited to the identification of mutations in autosomal recessive diseases such as PCG. We hypothesize that most causative mutations will be homozygous or compound heterozygous rare missense mutations or stop codons. It is also possible that mutations will be disrupt gene regulatory regions such as promoters or splice sites, or will consist of duplications or deletions (copy number variants). We will screen the remainder of our PCG dataset to identify all individuals with causative mutations in any given gene. Confirmed mutations will then be replicated in two independent PCG datasets. These investigations will pave the way for the development of new treatments for multiple types of glaucoma.

描述（由申请人提供）：原发性先天性青光眼（PCG）是一种常染色体隐性，典型的严重形式的青光眼，出现在儿童早期。PCG的特点是高眼压，导致伴有眼球增大的青光眼视神经病变。已鉴定出glc3a、B、C和D四个基因座，并报道了其中两个基因座的致病基因。细胞色素P450亚家族I多肽1 （CYP1B1）位于GLC3A位点，该基因突变约占美国高加索人群受影响个体的10-20%。位于GLC3D位点的潜在转化生长因子β结合蛋白2 （LTBP2）基因在少数巴基斯坦和吉普赛家庭中发生突变，但在其他人群中未发现该基因的变异。最后，心肌蛋白（MYOC）和CYP1B1共同作用的突变与加拿大一个大家族的PCG有关。这些基因仅占美国PCG病例的10-20%，大多数PCG病例的遗传病因尚不清楚。我们建议通过对75个含有PCG个体的家族中每个基因的每个编码外显子进行测序来发现导致PCG的突变。这个过程被称为全外显子组测序，它快速有效地提供了个体基因组中存在的所有有害突变的完整清单。这项技术已被用于识别许多不同疾病的致病突变，包括米勒综合征、非综合征性听力损失和先天性氯化物腹泻。全外显子组测序非常适合于常染色体隐性遗传病（如PCG）的突变鉴定。我们假设大多数致病突变将是纯合或复合杂合，罕见的错义突变或终止密码子。突变也有可能破坏基因调控区域，如启动子或剪接位点，或者由重复或缺失（拷贝数变异）组成。我们将筛选PCG数据集的剩余部分，以确定任何给定基因中具有致病突变的所有个体。确认的突变将在两个独立的PCG数据集中复制。这些研究将为开发治疗多种类型青光眼的新方法铺平道路。