Neural Correlates of Negative Reinforcement in Adolescence & Substance Use Risk

描述（由申请人提供）：这个K01申请寻求对我作为一个独立的跨学科科学家的发展至关重要的支持。我正在建立一个关于自我调节的生物心理社会研究项目；特别是影响减少和负强化（NR），因为它们与青少年物质使用的发展有关。我使用行为学、电生理学和激素（皮质醇）分析来研究冒险行为。然而，为了充分理解回避和负强化过程，以及它们在成瘾行为风险中的作用，我必须加深我的理解，拓宽我在四个核心领域的技术技能(a)发育神经影像学；(b)认知神经科学；(c)药物使用研究；(d)统计方法。这个导师科学家发展奖将为我提供进入独立研究生涯的培训。虽然青春期是冒险行为增加和减少影响动机增加的发育时期，但我们对负强化过程与减少影响动机和物质使用行为之间的神经关联知之甚少。我通过两个横断面功能磁共振成像研究的三个具体目标来解决我们知识中的这些空白。我建议通过两种功能磁共振成像友好的行为范式，研究两种类型的厌恶刺激（例如，避免激励损失和避免厌恶声音）对回避的负强化的神经和行为相关性。第一项研究（n=48）将描述儿童（8-11岁）、青少年（13-17岁）和成人（23-29岁）负强化过程和行为背后的神经回路。第二项研究将在高风险样本（14-18岁）中检查负面强化相关的情感减少动机（负面情感，焦虑敏感性）和物质使用行为的神经相关性。, n = 70)。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 application seeks support essential to my development as an independent interdisciplinary scientist. I am building a program of biopsychosocial research on self-regulation; particularly affect reduction and negative reinforcement (NR) as they relate to the development of substance use in adolescence. I have employed behavioral, electrophysiological, and hormonal assays (cortisol) to study risk-taking behavior. However, to fully understand avoidance and negative reinforcement processes, and their role in the risk for addictive behavior, I must deepen my understanding and broaden my technical skills in four core areas (a) developmental neuroimaging; (b) cognitive neuroscience; (c) substance use research; (d) statistical methods. This mentored scientist development award will provide me with the training to move onto an independent research career. While adolescence is a developmental period with increased risk-taking behavior and increased affect reduction motivation, we know relatively little about how the neural correlates of negative reinforcement processes relate to affect reduction motives and substance use behaviors. I address these gaps in our knowledge with three specific aims across two cross-sectional fMRI studies. I propose to study the neural and behavioral correlates of negative reinforcement for avoidance with two types of aversive stimulation (e.g., avoidance of incentive loss and avoidance of aversive sound) across two fMRI-friendly behavioral paradigms. The first study (n=48) will characterize the neural circuitry underlying negative reinforcement processes and behavior among children (8-11 yrs.), adolescents (13-17 yrs.), and adults (23-29 yrs.) The second study will examine the negative reinforcement-related neural correlates of affect reduction motives (negative affect, anxiety sensitivity) and substance use behaviors in a high-risk sample (14-18 yrs., n=70).