Parent-Child Processes Affecting Long Term Post-Disaster Psychosocial Adjustment

描述（由申请人提供）：世界上平均每天发生一次灾害。作为创伤性事件，这些事件具有破坏性，影响程度高，造成恐怖和恐怖场面，发生不受欢迎和无法控制的事件，并长期改变社会和物质环境，因此是潜在的强大压力源。与灾害有关的痛苦和生活中断即使只有一年或不到一年，也可能对儿童产生不利影响。灾后父母的调整会影响儿童的心理社会适应;然而，父母与儿童之间互动的社会认知、应对和沟通过程需要进一步研究。这些过程可能是灾后儿童心理社会调整的中介，其结果可以指导制定以儿童和家庭为重点的干预措施。本研究的目的是：（1）了解父母和青少年在灾后社会认知和应对过程中的关系，以及这些关系如何影响青少年的心理社会适应;（2）探讨亲子沟通过程对青少年灾后心理社会适应的积极和消极影响。我们将特别探讨父母和孩子的相互依赖性调整对彼此。我们将调查410组受2012年和2013年夏季科罗拉多州科罗拉多斯普林斯野火影响的父母和青少年（11 - 17岁），在两年的恢复期内进行三次调查。这些野火威胁到该州人口第二多的城市，导致65，000人撤离，4人死亡，约850所房屋被毁。我们将使用基于互联网的调查，询问他们的野火暴露，自灾难以来的生活压力，心理健康，共活力，社会认知，情绪调节，沟通模式，社区应对和亲子关系的父母和年轻人。潜在的参与者将被引导到招募网站或1 - 800电话号码进行研究。他们将获得研究描述，同意书，并将被要求提供联系信息，基本人口统计数据和关于暴露于野火的简短筛选问题。将建立一个潜在与会者数据库，在没有答复的情况下，将有潜在的"重复"与会者。将联系受影响地区人口统计学的第一个样本代表，并为每位潜在参与者提供个性化的URL，以便进行适当的调查。将为父母和青少年分配唯一但相互关联的标识符，以保护机密性，同时实现数据的纵向跟踪和配对。本研究以平行成长混合模式分析灾后亲子心理调适之关系。这个复杂的统计模型同时模拟了父母和孩子的心理结果，以及他们在灾难发生后如何一起展开，同时考虑了每个人可能发生的轨迹差异。该模型是两个增长混合模型的组合，一个用于父母，一个用于孩子。研究结果可以指导公共卫生反应，为灾后指导方针和服务提供经验性信息，以帮助父母帮助他们的孩子。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Disasters occur once a day on average in the world. As traumatic events, they are potentially strong stressors due to their disruptive nature, high extent of impact, production of terror and horror scenes, undesirable and uncontrollable occurrences, and prolonged alterations in the social and physical environment. Disaster-related distress and life disruption of even a year or less may negatively affect children. Parental adjustment after a disaster impacts child psychosocial adjustment; however, the social cognitive, coping, and communication processes that interact between parents and children need further study. These processes may be the mediators of post-disaster child psychosocial adjustment, and results can guide the development of child- and family-focused interventions. The aims of this study are to: (1) understand the relations between the post- disaster social cognitive and coping processes of parents and youth over time and how this influences youth psychosocial adjustment; (2) examine what parent-child communicative processes positively and negatively affect youth psychosocial adjustment following a disaster. We will specifically explore the interdependence that parent and child adjustment has on one another. We will survey 410 sets of parents and youth (age 11-17 years) affected by the summer, 2012 and 2013, wildfires in Colorado Springs, CO, three times over a two-year recovery period. In combination, these wildfires threatened the state's second most populated city resulting in the evacuation of 65,000 people, four deaths, and the loss of around 850 homes. We will use internet-based surveys to ask parents and youth about their wildfire exposure, life stressors since the disaster, mental health, covitality, social cognitions, emotion regulation, communication patterns, communal coping, and parent-child relationship. Potential participants will be directed to a recruitment website or 1-800 phone numbers for the study. They will be given a study description, consent forms, and will be asked to provide contact information, basic demographics, and brief screening questions on exposure to the wildfires. A database of potential participants will be set up with potential "replicate" participants in case of non-response. A first sample representative of the demographics of the affected area will be contacted and each potential participant will be provided with an individualized URL for the appropriate survey. Unique, but linked, identifiers will be assigned to parents and youth to protect confidentiality while enabling longitudinal tracking and pairing of data. The relationship between parent and child psychosocial adjustment post-disaster will be analyzed using a parallel process growth mixture model. This complex statistical model simultaneously models the parent and child psychological outcomes and how they unfold together after a disaster, while accounting for trajectory differences that may occur in each one. This model is a combination of two Growth Mixture Models, one for the parents and one for the child. Results can guide public health response in terms of empirically informing post-disaster guidelines and services to help parents help their children.