Studies of Atomic Bomb Survivors

广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者的寿命研究(LSS)队列正在与辐射效应研究基金会(RERF)合作进行研究。队列研究被用来量化环境辐射剂量反应及其对肿瘤组织亚型、暴露年龄、性别、观察年龄、暴露后时间和其他因素的依赖。在原子弹爆炸半个多世纪后，在统计上显著的癌症超额风险仍然明显。最新的LSS实体癌症发病率报告包括LSS幸存者中的17,448例第一原发癌，其中853例估计是可归因于辐射暴露的过量病例。实体癌作为一个群体和许多单独的癌症部位的剂量反应的形状仍然可以用线性模型很好地描述。最重要的发现是，实体癌的超额绝对率在所有年龄段的人一生中都在增加。与辐射暴露相关的超额相对风险对于膀胱癌、乳腺癌和肺癌来说很高，而对于胃癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和肺癌来说超额绝对率很高。在那些在宫内和儿童早期暴露的人中，实体癌的风险尤其高。然而，与辐射有关的癌症风险的时间模式仍然存在不确定性，特别是在原子弹爆炸时年龄不到20岁的幸存者中，需要继续对这一队列进行后续行动，以澄清这种不确定性。一篇关于白血病风险的长期和暂时性模式的论文已经发表，表明暴露50年后，风险持续增加。

The Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of 94,000 survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings is being studied in collaboration with the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). Cohort studies are used to quantify environmental radiation dose response and its dependence on histological subtype of tumor, age at exposure, sex, age at observation, time following exposure and other factors.More than half a century after the atomic bombings, a statistically significant excess risk of cancer is still apparent. The latest LSS solid cancer incidence report includes 17,448 first primary cancers among the LSS survivors, of which 853 are estimated to be excess cases attributable to radiation exposure. The shape of the dose response for solid cancers as a group and for many individual cancer sites continues to be well described by a linear model. The most important finding is that the excess absolute rates for solid cancer increase throughout life for all ages. The excess relative risks associated with radiation exposure are high for cancers of the bladder cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer, whereas excess absolute rates are high for stomach cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and lung cancer. Solid cancer risks are especially high among these exposed in utero and early childhood. However, the uncertainty remains regarding the temporal patterns of the radiation-related cancer risk, especially among the survivor younger than 20 years of age at the time of the atomic bombings, and continued follow-up of this cohort is needed to clarify this uncertainty. A paper has been published on the long-term and temperal pattern of leukemia risk, demonstrating persistent increase of the risk 50 years after exposure.