Word Problems, Language, and Comorbid Learning Disabilities

描述（由申请人提供）：这个学习障碍中心（文字问题，语言和共病学习障碍）包括一个行政核心和一个研究项目，跨学科的重点是学习科学，语言科学和学习障碍（LD）。这是一种重要的跨学科合作形式，因为越来越多的证据表明，学习障碍儿童在语言理解方面存在困难。该研究项目旨在集中指导和跨学科合作，解决了学习障碍人群中尚未得到充分研究的一部分人，这些人可能对数学问题解决（MPS）干预的反应不成比例地差。这个未被充分研究的人群是同时患有MPS和阅读理解困难（即MDRD）的学生。针对这一人群，我们研究了一种高风险的LD修复方法，其中对语言理解（LC）的干预，一种与共病和MPS学习相关的认知资源，嵌入与直接技能MPS干预相同的学术材料中。在一项随机对照试验中，我们将高阶技能（MDRDH）共病学生与高阶技能（MD-H）特殊数学障碍学生进行了对比。根据共病状况分层，我们随机将学生分配到嵌入式LC+MPS干预，单独MPS干预和无辅导。LC+MPS干预旨在解决LC困难，假设LC比MD学生更能影响mdr。MPS单独干预是为了弥补认知资源（工作记忆）的困难，这两种亚型被认为是相似的。该中心的行政核心有两个功能，支持和丰富研究项目。科学和行政支助处提供空间、预算和人力资源方面的服务；枢纽的进步和科学生产力；出版决策的中心内管理；集线器内数据共享；外部数据共享；就研究成果和临床产品与公众进行对外沟通；早期职业指导机构为正式指导的实施提供支持，与中心跨学科框架内早期职业研究者更广泛的职业发展目标保持一致；机构内部和机构间征聘早期职业调查人员；实现

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Learning Disabilities Hub (Word Problems, Language, & Comorbid Learning Disabilities) comprises an Administrative Core and a Research Project, with a transdisciplinary focus that spans learning sciences, speech-language sciences, & learning disabilities (LD). This is a critical form of transdisciplinary collaboration because evidence increasingly implicates difficulty with language comprehension in LD. The Research Project, which serves to center the mentorship and transdisciplinary collaboration, addresses a subset of the LD population that has been understudied and may suffer disproportionately poor response to math problem solving (MPS) intervention. This understudied population is students with comorbid MPS & reading comprehension difficulty (i.e., MDRD). With this population, we investigate a high-risk innovative approach to LD remediation, in which intervention on language comprehension (LC), a cognitive resource associated with comorbidity and MPS learning, is embedded in the same academic material used for direct skills MPS intervention. In a randomized control trial, we identify students with comorbidity on higher-order skill (MDRDH) vs. students with specific math disability on higher-order skill (MD-H). Stratifying by comorbid status, we randomly assign students to embedded LC+MPS intervention, MPS intervention alone, & no tutoring. LC+MPS intervention is designed to address LC difficulty, hypothesized to affect MDRD more than MD students. MPS intervention alone is designed to compensate for difficulty with a cognitive resource (working memory) thought to pertain similarly to both subtypes. The Hub's Administrative Core has 2 functions that support and enrich the Research Project. The Scientific & Administrative Support Arm provides services on space, budget, and human resources; the Hub's progress and scientific productivity; within-Hub management of publication decisions; within-hub data sharing; external data sharing; external communication with the public on research findings and clinical products; and implementation of the benchmarking system to evaluate the success of Core A. The Early Career Mentorship Arm provides support on implementation of the formal mentorship, aligned with the broader career development goals of the early career investigators within the Hub's transdisciplinary framework; intra- and inter-institutional recruitment of early career investigators; implementation of a benchmarking system to evaluate success of the mentorship plan; and assistance to early investigators in transitioning to other funding options or career appointments. The Hub impacts science by increasing understanding about higher-order comorbidity as an LD subtyping framework and the role of LC in MPS and in comorbidity and by training a group of early career scientists who can operate within a transdisciplinary framework spanning learning sciences, speech-language sciences, & LD. Results may expand the framework for treating LDs by embedding cognitive resource training on other potentially active cognitive resources for other LDs. This may impact clinical practice.