Neural Mechanisms of a Parent-Focused Mindfulness Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Substance Use

项目摘要 Nida呼吁制定专门的预防方案，以增强 根据经验发现，青少年开始使用药物的保护因素和减少风险因素。家庭 因素--如父母压力、亲子关系和照料行为--与 青春期开始使用物质。因此，养育子女和家庭环境是 青少年药物使用预防。新出现的研究表明，育儿干预包括 正念训练可以减轻父母的压力，改善父母的养育行为，增强家庭纽带，并可能 影响青少年物质使用。尽管这种干预措施前景看好，但人们对其了解甚少 以父母为中心的正念干预背后的机制-知识是提炼和 最大限度地发挥干预效果。值得注意的是，正念训练的好处被认为在很大程度上 部分是通过神经功能的变化，特别是与情绪相关的大脑区域的变化。因此，拟议的研究 将通过fMRI研究以父母为中心的正念干预的情绪相关神经机制， 确定旨在预防青少年的以家长为重点的干预措施的关键机制的长期目标 物质使用。为此，具体目标有三个。首先，使用干预前/干预后设计的8- 以家长为中心的会话正念干预和3次家长教育控制：拟议的研究 将使用fMRI检查父母对负面情绪刺激的神经激活的变化。第二，父母的 神经功能连通性将在干预前后使用先验和高级数据进行评估- 驱动分析。第三，这项拟议的研究将独特地检验父母神经功能之间的联系 父母压力、育儿行为和青少年物质使用行为在后阶段同时存在 干预，纵向观察6个月和1年的随访时间点。通过评估与情感相关的 利用功能磁共振成像的神经机制，这项拟议的研究将有助于对正念的经验知识 干预效果以及与家长专注的正念训练相关的神经变化。是这样的 理解将有助于为以家长为中心的发展、完善和有效实施提供信息 采取有针对性的干预措施，预防和减少青少年使用药物的风险。拟议研究的目标 将在一个旨在发展情感领域多学科专业知识的研究培训计划中完成 神经科学、干预科学和物质使用的发展模式。培训计划包括 完成相关课程；参加有针对性的讲习班；由以下领域的专家进行个人指导 干预、发展和神经科学领域；以及科学写作和演示经验。

Project Summary NIDA has called for the development of prevention programs developmentally-tailored to enhance protective factors and reduce risk factors for youth substance use initiation based on empirical findings. Family factors—such as parental stress, the parent-adolescent bond, and caregiving behaviors—are highly related to substance use initiation in adolescence. Thus, parenting and the family environment are critical targets for adolescent substance use prevention. Emerging studies have shown parenting interventions involving mindfulness training can reduce parent stress, improve parenting behaviors, increase family bonding, and may affect adolescent substance use. Despite the promise of such interventions, little is known about the mechanisms underlying parent-focused mindfulness interventions—knowledge which is key to refine and maximize intervention effects. Notably, the benefits of mindfulness training are considered to function largely in part through changes in neural function, particularly in emotion-related brain regions. Thus, the proposed study will investigate emotion-related neural mechanisms of a parent-focused mindfulness intervention via fMRI, with the long-term goal of identifying key mechanisms of parent-focused interventions aimed to prevent youth substance use. To that end, the specific aims are threefold. First, using a pre/post intervention design of an 8- session parent-focused mindfulness intervention and 3-session parent education control, the proposed study will examine changes in parents' neural activation to negative emotional stimuli using fMRI. Second, parents' neural functional connectivity will be evaluated at pre- and post-intervention using a priori and advanced data- driven analyses. Third, the proposed study will uniquely examine associations between parent neural function and parent stress, parenting behaviors, and adolescent substance use behaviors concurrently at post- intervention and longitudinally at 6-month and 1-year follow-up time points. By evaluating emotion-related neural mechanisms using fMRI, the proposed study will contribute to the empirical knowledge of mindfulness intervention effects and of neural changes associated with parent-focused mindfulness training. Such understanding will help inform the development, refinement, and effective implementation of parent-focused interventions targeted to prevent and reduce the risk of youth substance use. The goals of the proposed study will be accomplished within a research training plan aimed at developing multidisciplinary expertise in affective neuroscience, intervention science, and developmental models of substance use. The training plan includes completion of relevant coursework; attendance at targeted workshops; individual mentorship by experts in the field of intervention, developmental, and neuroscience; and scientific writing and presentation experience.