IGF::OT::IGF GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION CENTERS FOR NCI-MATCH

美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)的癌症基因组学中心(CCG)成立于2011年，其使命是领导NCI努力生成所需的关键数据集，以记录人类肿瘤的变化，协调数据统一和共享努力，并支持旨在提高我们对大规模、多维数据的理解的分析工具和计算方法的开发。CCG的目标也是开发和应用尖端基因组科学来预防癌症和更好地治疗癌症患者，例如在NCI支持的临床试验的背景下。目前，几个大型癌症基因组研究项目属于CCG框架下，包括由癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)计划办公室和癌症基因组办公室(OCG)管理的项目。 CCG正在启动各种新的项目，这些项目需要对癌症标本和癌症模型(例如人类癌细胞株)进行基因组分析。总的来说，这些倡议的目标包括阐明癌症的致病机制，以及癌症中的基因组变化如何影响治疗反应。最近启动的癌症驱动因素发现计划(CDDP)就是这样一项努力，该计划旨在识别在2%或更多特定组织学癌症病例中获得“驱动程序突变”的基因。CDDP试点已经启动，最初专注于三种肿瘤类型-肺腺癌、结肠癌和卵巢癌-但也将考虑其他类型的肿瘤。通过对比TCGA计划中发生的更多的活检组织进行测序(即&gt；500)，CDDP将拥有统计能力来发现癌症中可能驱动致癌过程的新的反复突变的基因。这份工作说明书支持的另一个项目是临床试验测序项目(CTSP)，在该项目中，CCG正在与DCTD合作，对参加NCI赞助的临床试验的患者的癌症活检样本进行全面的基因组分析，目的是确定治疗反应和耐药性的分子基础。CCG的第三项倡议名为人类癌症模型计划(HCMP)，将包括对在体外或异种移植中生长的新创建的人类癌症模型进行基因组分析。

The Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) was established in 2011 with a mission to lead the NCI efforts in generating critical datasets required to catalog the alterations seen in human tumors, coordinating data unification and sharing efforts, and supporting development of analytical tools and computational approaches aimed at improving our understanding of the large-scale, multidimensional data. CCG also has the goal of developing and applying cutting-edge genomic science to prevent cancer and better treat cancer patients, for example in the context of NCI-supported clinical trials. Currently, several large-scale cancer genome research projects fall under the CCG umbrella including those managed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program Office and the Office of Cancer Genomics (OCG). The CCG is initiating a variety of new projects that require the genomic analysis of cancer specimens and cancer models (e.g. human cancer cell lines). Broadly, the goals of these initiatives include the elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms in cancer and how genomic alterations in cancer influence the response to treatment. One such effort is the recently initiated Cancer Driver Discovery Program (CDDP), which aims to identify genes that acquire “driver mutations” in 2% or more cases of cancers of a particular histology. The CDDP pilot has been launched with initial focus on three tumor types – lung adenocarcinoma, colon carcinoma and ovarian carcinomas – but will consider other tumor types as well. By sequencing biopsies in larger numbers than has occurred in the TCGA program (i.e. >500), the CDDP will have the statistical power to discover new recurrently mutated genes in cancer that may drive the oncogenic process. Another program supported by this Statement of Work would be the Clinical Trial Sequencing Project (CTSP), in which CCG is working with DCTD to conduct comprehensive genomic analysis of cancer biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on NCI-sponsored clinical trials, with the goal of identifying the molecular basis for therapeutic response and resistance. A third CCG initiative, termed the Human Cancer Models Program (HCMP), will include the genomic analysis of newly created human cancer models growing in vitro or in xenografts.