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Bridging acute and long-term exercise effects on brain function in older adults

弥合急性和长期运动对老年人大脑功能的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9086192
负责人：
MICHELLE WEBB VOSS
金额：
$ 19.02万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-06-15 至 2018-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9086192
关键词：
Accounting Acute Adult Adverse effects Affect Age Aging Alzheimer&apos s disease risk Animals Biological Markers Blood Volume Brain Brain region Cardiovascular system Chronic Cognition Cognitive Data Dose Effectiveness Elderly Episodic memory Exercise Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Health Hippocampus (Brain)Hour Human Impaired cognition Individual Intervention Knowledge Long-Term Effects Mediator of activation protein Memory Neuronal Plasticity Outcome Performance Prefrontal Cortex Randomized Reporting Research Short-Term Memory System Testing Time Training Walking Work age related aging brain base clinically relevant executive function exercise intensity exercise program exercise training fitness frontal lobe improved innovation insight neurobiological mechanism neuronal excitability novel novel strategies programs relating to nervous system response success theories tool

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given the rising proportion of older adults worldwide and the progressive decline in brain function with advancing age, there is a pressing need to develop novel interventions that protect the aging brain. The predominant approach for implementing exercise training to improve brain function is to increase cardiovascular fitness. However, there is mixed empirical support for the effectiveness of this approach. Further, there are also acute effects of exercise within one hour of the cessation of a single exercise session. These effects occur before adaptations related to fitness could occur and animal studies have shown they occur in the same brain regions that benefit from longer-term exercise training. Therefore, we propose the acute paradigm is a tool to probe this early, direct response from exercise in order to determine how best to maximize the long-term benefit of exercise training on the aging brain. This presents a critical need to determine the mechanistic relation between acute and long-term effects of exercise on the aging brain. Our long-term goal is to determine how exercise protects the brain from the adverse effects of aging. In turn, our specific objective in this R21 proposal is to support or refute the concept that a single session of exercise produces acute increases in functional synchrony of clinically relevant brain networks that are related to accrued exercise-training effects in the same brain systems. Our central hypothesis is that the effects of moderate intensity exercise will increase the functional synchrony of the hippocampus with the Default Mode Network, and the Prefrontal Cortex with the Fronto- Executive Network, in the same fashion as a 12-week moderate intensity exercise training program. This hypothesis is based on data showing acute effects of exercise on factors related to neuronal plasticity and excitability in the same brain regions that show long-term effects of exercise in animals. The contribution of the proposed research is significant because it will determine the extent to which the acute exercise paradigm can provide insight into how regular exercise protects the brain from adverse effects of aging. The proposed research is innovative because for the first time we will examine the overlapping neural systems and outcomes associated with acute and chronic exercise in the same individuals. Overall, success in this project will enable future research to study how varying exercise parameters such as mode or intensity affect exercise-induced change in brain function and the timecourse of these effects, as well as the neurobiological mechanisms associated with the direct effects of exercise on the aging brain.

描述（由申请人提供）：鉴于全球老年人的比例不断上升，以及随着年龄的增长大脑功能逐渐下降，迫切需要开发保护衰老大脑的新型干预措施。实施运动训练以改善大脑功能的主要方法是增加心血管健康。然而，这一方法的有效性得到了各种经验的支持。此外，在单次锻炼结束后的一小时内，锻炼也会产生急性影响。这些影响发生在与健身相关的适应发生之前，动物研究表明，它们发生在从长期运动训练中受益的相同大脑区域。因此，我们提出急性范式是一种工具，可以探索这种早期的，直接的运动反应，以确定如何最好地最大限度地提高运动训练对衰老大脑的长期益处。这提出了一个关键的需要，以确定急性和长期的影响，运动对大脑老化的机制之间的关系。我们的长期目标是确定运动如何保护大脑免受衰老的不利影响。反过来，我们在这项R21建议中的具体目标是支持或反驳这样一个概念，即单次运动会使临床相关脑网络的功能同步性急剧增加，这些脑网络与相同脑系统中累积的运动训练效应有关。我们的中心假设是，中等强度运动的效果将增加海马与默认模式网络的功能同步，以及前额叶皮层与额叶执行网络的功能同步，与12周中等强度运动训练计划相同。这一假设是基于数据显示的急性影响的运动对神经元的可塑性和兴奋性在相同的大脑区域，显示长期的影响，运动在动物的因素。这项拟议研究的贡献是重要的，因为它将确定急性运动范式在多大程度上可以深入了解定期运动如何保护大脑免受衰老的不利影响。这项研究具有创新性，因为我们将首次研究同一个体中与急性和慢性运动相关的重叠神经系统和结果。总的来说，该项目的成功将使未来的研究能够研究不同的运动参数（如模式或强度）如何影响运动引起的脑功能变化和这些影响的时间过程，以及与运动对衰老大脑的直接影响相关的神经生物学机制。