Early Adversity Shapes Adolescent Risk Behavior Trajectories in Mexican Americans (Diversity Supplement)

早期逆境塑造了墨西哥裔美国人的青少年风险行为轨迹（多样性补充）

• 批准号: 8952935
• 负责人: Julianna Deardorff
• 金额: $ 7.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-15 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8952935
• 关键词: AIDS diagnosis; AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Area; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Biological; Buffers; California; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinic; Cohort Studies; Communication; Communities; Data; Data Collection; Decision Making; Development; Discrimination; Drug Prescriptions; Drug usage; Epidemic; Esthesia; Ethnic group; Event; Exposure to; Family; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; Health; Hormonal; Hormones; Informal Social Control; Inhalant dose form; Intervention; Latino; Lead; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Marijuana; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Mexican Americans; Mothers; Multiple Partners; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological Processes; Population; Pregnancy; Problem behavior; Process; Puberty; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Salinum; Schedule; Sex Behavior; Sexual Health; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Shapes; Staging; Stress; Subgroup; System; Testing; Testosterone; Time; United States; Unsafe Sex; Vulnerable Populations; Youth; adolescent sexual behavior; base; cohesion; cohort; dehydroepiandrosterone; early adolescence; farm worker; health disparity; high risk sexual behavior; in utero; maternal depression; neuromechanism; parent project; parental influence; parental monitoring; prevent; pubertal timing; response; sex; sexual debut; sexual risk taking; sexually active; social; stressor; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over half a million people in the United States have died of AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic, and the number of people living with HIV infection is higher now than ever before. Currently, over 1 million adults and adolescents in the US are living with HIV. The majority of new HIV cases occur before age 25 and young Latinos are disproportionately affected. Compared to non-Latino white youths, Latino adolescents have 4 times the risk of HIV infection and, by young adulthood, more than 4 times the rate of AIDS diagnosis. Latinos are more likely to use substances in early adolescence and more likely to engage in unprotected sex than other ethnic groups, which increases their risk for HIV/AIDS. These disparities are persistent and represent a critical public health issue given the growing population of young Latinos in the US. Mexican Americans represent the largest subgroup of Latinos, yet longitudinal studies with Mexican American youth have been sparse due to a host of methodological barriers. The proposed longitudinal research resolves these issues to address important scientific gaps. By building on a rich, well-established, long-term cohort of Mexican American children and their parents, this project aims to understand whether and how adversity exposure in early life contributes to the emergence of substance use and HIV risk behaviors during adolescence. Towards this aim, we will gather detailed information on substance use and sexual risk-taking at ages 14y and 15.5y, when adolescents are sustaining the major social and biological transitions of the pubertal period. The strong study design builds on: (1) rich adversit data already collected during pregnancy and throughout childhood for this established cohort of Mexican American youth and their parents, combined with new equally rich data collection proposed in adolescence; (2) impressive participant retention to date in this hard-to-reach population; (3) ongoing assessing of puberty using leading-edge clinic-based methods obtained at multiple points in time; (4) the inclusion of new measures of stress responsively and pubertal hormones to better understand underlying bio physiological processes; and (5) the inclusion of key protective factors, including parental influences and cultural factors, that may buffer against risk for adolescent problem behaviors. Results from this project will yield important information about the emergence of substance use and sexual risk-taking within this highly vulnerable group. By focusing on potentially modifiable characteristics, this research has the potential to elucidate distinct areas to target for intervention to prevent risk-taking behaviors in adolescence and thereby reduce risk for HIV/AIDS and other STIs over the life course.

描述（由申请人提供）：自艾滋病开始流行以来，美国已有50多万人死于艾滋病，现在感染艾滋病毒的人数比以往任何时候都要多。目前，美国有超过100万成年人和青少年感染艾滋病毒。大多数新的艾滋病毒病例发生在25岁之前，年轻的拉丁美洲人受到不成比例的影响。与非拉丁裔白色青年相比，拉丁裔青少年感染艾滋病毒的风险高出4倍，到青年期，艾滋病诊断率高出4倍以上。与其他族裔群体相比，拉丁美洲人更有可能在青春期早期使用药物，更有可能进行无保护的性行为，这增加了他们感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险。这些差异是持续存在的，并代表了一个关键的公共卫生问题，因为在美国的年轻拉丁美洲人的人口不断增长。墨西哥裔美国人是拉丁美洲人中最大的一个亚群，但由于许多方法上的障碍，对墨西哥裔美国青年的纵向研究很少。拟议的纵向研究解决了这些问题，以解决重要的科学差距。通过建立在一个丰富的，完善的，长期的墨西哥裔美国儿童及其父母的队列，该项目旨在了解是否以及如何逆境暴露在早期生活中有助于出现的物质使用和艾滋病毒的风险行为在青春期。为了实现这一目标，我们将收集14岁和15.5岁时的物质使用和性冒险的详细信息，这两个年龄段的青少年正在经历青春期的主要社会和生物过渡。强大的研究设计建立在：（1）丰富的广告数据已经收集在怀孕期间和整个童年的墨西哥裔美国青年和他们的父母，结合新的同样丰富的数据收集提出的青春期;（2）令人印象深刻的参与者保留到目前为止，在这个难以接触的人群;（3）使用在多个时间点获得的前沿临床方法持续评估青春期;（4）纳入应激反应和青春期激素的新措施，以更好地了解潜在的生物生理过程;以及（5）包括关键的保护因素，包括父母的影响和文化因素，这些因素可能会缓冲 青少年问题行为的风险。该项目的结果将产生关于这一高度脆弱群体中出现的药物使用和性冒险的重要信息。通过关注潜在的可改变的特征，这项研究有可能阐明不同的干预目标，以防止青少年的冒险行为 从而减少艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播感染的风险。