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Investigation of Ocular Disease and Household Fuel Use in Kaski District, Nepal

尼泊尔卡斯基地区眼部疾病和家庭燃料使用情况调查

基本信息

批准号：
9146347
负责人：
MICHAEL N BATES
金额：
$ 47.8万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-09-30 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9146347
关键词：
Affect Age Age related macular degeneration Air Pollution Animals Biomass Blindness Burn injury Carbon Monoxide Cardiovascular Diseases Case-Control Studies Cataract Charcoal Child Chronic Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Coal Confidence Intervals Cornea Cost-Benefit Analysis Cross-Sectional Studies Crystalline Lens Data Data Collection Developing Countries Diagnosis Disease Ensure Epidemiologic Studies Exposure to Eye Eye diseases Female Fire - disasters Formaldehyde Funding Health Health Policy Heating High Prevalence Hospitals Household Household Air Pollution Infection International Agencies Intervention Investigation Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Kerosene Life Lighting Link Liquid substance Macular degeneration Malignant neoplasm of lung Monitor Naphthalene National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Nepal Odds Ratio Ophthalmic examination and evaluation Outcome Measure Pain Particulate Matter Pneumonia Policies Public Health Reactive Oxygen Species Recording of previous events Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Rest Risk Factors Source Statistical Data Interpretation Surgeon Teaching Hospitals Testing Tissues Tobacco smoking Trachoma Training United States National Institutes of Health Visual impairment Visually Impaired Persons Woman Wood material World Health Organization aged ambient air pollution base biomass fuel blind cigarette smoking clay combustion product cooking eye dryness high risk lens ocular pain policy implication pollutant solid fuel

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Solid fuels (coal and biomass) are used for cooking and heating by approximately 3 billion people worldwide-- almost all in the developing world. Kerosene is also widely used for cooking and lighting. These fuels emit into the kitchen high concentrations of pollutants, including particulate matter, carbon monoxide and other organic compounds known to affect the eye, such as formaldehyde and naphthalene. Usually, women doing the cooking are the most exposed. There is evidence linking solid fuels to a wide range of health effects, but the impact on eye diseases has not been extensively investigated. Virtually no studies have investigated kerosene use and eye disease. In every part of the world, females are at higher risk of eye disease at all ages. About 90% of visually impaired and blind people lived in developing countries. These two closely related ocular disease studies, which focus on cataract of the lens and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the first and third most common causes of blindness in the world, and dry eye disease, a major cause of pain and discomfort, take advantage of the established infrastructure, including offices, vehicles and trained field staff, and prior data collection-household cooking, heating and lighting appliance use, and air pollution monitoring data--of an earlier NIH-funded epidemiologic study of TB and indoor fuel use, in Pokhara, Nepal. The ocular disease studies are a cross-sectional study investigating cataract and dry eye disease, and a case-control study investigating AMD. In the cross-sectional study, women, aged 40-70 years, from TB study households, chosen on the basis of their cooking, heating and lighting appliance use, will be transported to the Manipal Teaching Hospital in Pokhara, where they will receive a free and comprehensive eye examination. Slit-lamp photos of the crystalline lens will be taken and tests done for dry eye disease. Separately, a case-control study of AMD diagnosed in women attending the hospital will be carried out. Statistical analysis in both studies will focus on examining associations between household fuel uses, for cooking, heating and lighting, and the ocular outcome measures. Together, these will comprise the most comprehensive investigation ever of these potentially causal relationships. Results will have implications for policy and for health interventions. In particular, if evidence is produced that kerosene is a risk factor for eye diseas, then this will strengthen arguments for not treating kerosene as a clean fuel alternative to biomass, as is currently the policy of some international agencies, including WHO. The studies will provide data for reworking cost-benefit analyses of replacing biomass stoves and fuel-based lighting sources with alternatives, such as LPG stoves or electric lighting.