NHGRI/DIR Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core

NHGRI/DIR 细胞遗传学和显微镜核心

• 批准号: 9570588
• 负责人: PAMELA SCHWARTZBERG
• 金额: $ 122.39万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9570588
• 关键词: 17p11.2; 18p; Animals; Area; Attention; Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes; Behavior; Binding; Blood Vessels; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Candidate Disease Gene; Cells; Cellular Morphology; Charge; Chromatin; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosome abnormality; Clinic; Collaborations; Complex; Computer Workstations; Confocal Microscopy; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Cytogenetic Analysis; Cytogenetics; Cytoplasmic Organelle; Development; Dimensions; Disease; DsRed; Embryo; Ensure; Epithelial; Erythrocytes; FRAP1 gene; Fishes; Fluorescence; Fluorescence Microscopy; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization; Four-dimensional; G-Banding; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genomic Instability; Goals; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Head; Hereditary Disease; Homologous Gene; Hour; Human; Human Genetics; Image; Immunofluorescence Immunologic; Institutes; Intellectual functioning disability; Karyotype; Laboratories; Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy; Lesion; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammary Neoplasms; Mammary gland; Medical; Messenger RNA; Metabolic Activation; Microscope; Microscopy; Mission; Molecular; Molecular Cytogenetics; Motor; Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus; Mus; Mutation; National Human Genome Research Institute; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nuclear; Nuclear Receptors; PPAR delta; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Point Mutation; Principal Investigator; Problem behavior; RNA Processing; RNA Splicing; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Ribosomal RNA; SHH gene; Services; Sex Chromosomes; Signaling Protein; Sleep disturbances; Smith Magenis syndrome; Source; Speech; Stimulus; Syndrome; System; Technology; Tissue imaging; Tissues; Transgenic Mice; Transgenic Model; Transgenic Organisms; Variant; Zebrafish; base; charge coupled device camera; congenital anomaly; experimental study; fluorescence microscope; gastrulation; infiltrating duct carcinoma; interstitial; investigator training; knock-down; live cell imaging; loss of function; malignant breast neoplasm; multi-photon; novel; patient subsets; photoactivation; response; skeletal abnormality; smoothened signaling pathway; tumor; tumorigenesis; two-dimensional

Summary: In total, 7,341 hours of cytogenetic experiments were performed in the reporting period. Microscopy services included training investigators and institute trainees in how to use Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy in studies that included Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching (FRAP), Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), Photo-activation of Green Fluorescent Protein (PA-GFP), nuclear/organelle/cytoplasmic colocalization studies, Two-Dimensional (2D), Three-Dimensional (3D) and Four-Dimensional (4D) cell morphology and volumetric studies, response to stimuli (drug), quantitative analysis (fluorescence, area, counts, etc), and live-cell and deep-tissue imaging (with multi-photon microscopy). Microscopy usage is described by the metric of hours logged by Principal Investigators or their trainees. For this reporting period, usage involved 6,176 hours in all microscopes systems and workstations. The Core maintains two confocal systems (Zeiss LSM 880 +Airyscan and Spinning disk), one long-term live-cell system, two epi-fluorescence microscopes all fitted with CCD cameras and four computer workstations. Below is an abbreviated list of projects that the Core collaborated in the past year: The laboratory of Dr. Crawford (CGB) is working with RRP1B (ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B), a human gene located in chromosme 1 found to be a novel metastasis suppressor that was found to regulate gene expression. Using NLO confocal microscopy they are validating potential binding partners of RRP1B, which range from chromatin-associated factors to mRNA splicing factors, through immunofluorescence. The laboratory of Dr. Gahl (MGB) is studying Smith-Magenis syndrome, a complex disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and behavior problems, including craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, variable intellectual disability, self-injurious and attention-seeking behaviors, speech and motor delay, and sleep disturbance. The syndrome is primarily caused by de novo interstitial deletions of chromosome 17p11.2. The most common 3.7 Mb deletion occurs in approximately 75% of the patients. However, a typical deletions that can range from 1.5 to 9 Mb in size and heterozygous point mutations of the RAI1 gene are also associated with the phenotype. The deletions are detectable by cytogenetic G-banding and/or by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. The Core is working on experiments to define the exact deleted region in several patients. The laboratory of Dr. Liu (GMBB) is performing studies to determine if a specific genetic alteration occurs in mammary tumors that develop in MMTV-PPARdelta transgenic mice (Cancer Res. 73:4349, 2013). This is the first transgenic model to demonstrate that activation of the nuclear receptor PPARdelta elicits oncogenesis in mammary epithelial tissue. The development of infiltrating ductal carcinomas in these mice has a phenotype similar to luminal B breast cancer, and is associated with metabolic activation of the mTOR pathway. We are determining if this tumor phenotype is associated with genomic instability and a specific genetic lesion. The laboratory of Dr. Muenke (MGB) has a potential candidate gene, Twisted Gastrulation Homolog 1 (TWSG1), that was previously suggested as a contributor to the complex genetics of human (Holoprosencephaly) HPE based on cytogenetic studies of patients with 18p deletions, animal studies of TWSG1 deficient mice, and the relationship of TWSG1 to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, which modulates the primary pathway implicated in HPE, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling. The core performed FISH analyses using BAC clones to do fine mapping of 18p for a subset of patients with partial 18p deletions. Also with Dr. Muenke we study the chromosomalabonormalities that are related to medical conditions in people with sex chromosomes variants. The karyotypes are important to confirm the patients self reported karyotype (many patients dont have the original karyotype report) and ensure that there are no chromosomal abnormalities that could contribute to the phenotype that doctors are seeing in the clinic. The project of Dr. Sood (GMBB) is evaluating the function of CECR1 using zebrafish. Using morpholino knockdown technology they generate embryos with transient loss of function for cecr1b. These experiments are performed in transgenic fish where blood vessels are marked by GFP and red blood cells are marked by DsRed. The core supports the project using the confocal microscope to image the developing blood vessels in the head and trunk regions of the knockdown embryos.

摘要：在报告所述期间，总共进行了7,341个小时的细胞遗传学实验。显微镜服务包括培训研究人员和研究所受训人员如何使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜进行下列研究：光漂白后荧光恢复(FRAP)、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)、绿色荧光蛋白的光激活(PA-GFP)、核/细胞器/细胞质共定位研究、二维(2D)、三维(3D)和四维(4D)细胞形态和体积研究、对刺激的反应(药物)、定量分析(荧光、面积、计数等)以及活细胞和深层组织成像(使用多光子显微镜)。显微镜的使用由首席调查员或他们的受训人员记录的小时数来描述。在本报告所述期间，所有显微镜系统和工作站的使用时间为6 176小时。 核心拥有两个共焦系统(蔡司LSM 880+AiryScan和旋转磁盘)、一个长期活细胞系统、两个均装有CCD摄像机的外荧光显微镜和四个计算机工作站。以下是核心部门在过去一年中合作的项目的简短清单： 克劳福德博士(CGB)的实验室正在研究RRP1B(核糖体RNA处理1同源B)，这是一种位于染色体1上的人类基因，被发现是一种新的转移抑制因子，被发现可以调节基因的表达。使用NLO共聚焦显微镜，他们正在通过免疫荧光验证RRP1B的潜在结合伙伴，范围从染色质相关因子到mRNA剪接因子。 Gahl博士的实验室正在研究Smith-Magenis综合征，这是一种以多种先天性异常和行为问题为特征的复杂疾病，包括头面部和骨骼异常、各种智力残疾、自残和寻求注意的行为、言语和运动延迟以及睡眠障碍。该综合征主要是由染色体17p11.2的从头开始间质缺失引起的。最常见的3.7Mb缺失发生在大约75%的患者中。然而，RAI1基因大小在1.5-9Mb之间的典型缺失和杂合点突变也与表型相关。这些缺失可以通过细胞遗传学G显带和/或荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析来检测。Core正在进行实验，以确定几名患者的确切缺失区域。 刘博士(GMBB)的实验室正在进行研究，以确定在MMTV-PPAR Delta转基因小鼠中发生的乳腺肿瘤是否发生了特定的基因变化(癌症研究报告73：4349,2013)。这是第一个证明核受体PPARDelta激活会导致乳腺上皮组织发生肿瘤的转基因模型。在这些小鼠中，浸润性导管癌的发展具有与管腔B乳腺癌相似的表型，并与mTOR途径的代谢激活有关。我们正在确定这种肿瘤表型是否与基因组不稳定和特定的遗传损伤有关。 Muenke(MGB)博士的实验室有一个潜在的候选基因，Twisted原肠形成同源基因1(TWSG1)，该基因先前被认为是人类(Holoproserey)HPE复杂遗传学的贡献者，其基础是对18p缺失患者的细胞遗传学研究，对TWSG1缺陷小鼠的动物研究，以及TWSG1与骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)信号的关系，BMP信号调节HPE中涉及的主要途径，Sonic Hedgehog(SHH)信号。CORE使用BAC克隆进行FISH分析，以对部分18P缺失的患者子集进行18P精细定位。我们还和Muenke博士一起研究了与性染色体变异患者的医疗条件有关的染色体异常。核型对于确认患者自己报告的核型很重要(许多患者没有原始的核型报告)，并确保没有可能导致医生在临床上看到的表型的染色体异常。 Sood博士(GMBB)的项目是用斑马鱼来评估CECR1的功能。使用吗啉基因敲除技术，他们产生了cecr1b功能短暂丧失的胚胎。这些实验是在转基因鱼身上进行的，其中血管用GFP标记，红细胞用DsRed标记。该核心支持使用共聚焦显微镜对击倒胚胎头部和躯干区域发育中的血管进行成像的项目。