Ovarian Hormones Effect on Smoking Behavior

 描述(申请人提供)：在美国，吸烟是可预防的死亡和残疾的主要原因。尽管与男性相比，女性患吸烟相关疾病的发病率和死亡率更高，但研究表明，她们吸烟的原因可能与男性不同，而且戒烟比男性更难。确定导致上瘾的女性特有因素的研究对于：(A)解决与性别有关的健康差距；(B)为针对女性的治疗提供信息；(C)发现在女性中比例过高但对两性都适用的上瘾过程。卵巢激素是一种女性特有的因素，与尼古丁成瘾的维持和戒烟后的成功有关。这项建议旨在通过将生态瞬时评估(EMA)与整个月经周期的每日荷尔蒙采样相结合来推进这一研究，以进一步实时检查卵巢激素变化对女性吸烟的影响模式和机制。使用前瞻性的每日记录和激素采样将使我们能够测试是否在雌激素水平高的日子吸烟更多，在孕激素水平高的日子吸烟更少(目标1)，在整个月经周期中雌激素与孕激素比率较低的女性吸烟更多，尼古丁依赖程度更高(目标2)，以及雌激素水平较高的日子尼古丁奖励更大，认知控制更差，这将调解雌激素水平较高和吸烟增加之间的关系(目标3)。次级目标将探索荷尔蒙效应在月经周期中的可变性(目标4)。作为调查卵巢激素、药物奖励、认知控制和吸烟行为日常变化的第一项综合性研究，该项目将为一项研究计划铺平道路，该研究计划涉及对女性吸烟的心理神经内分泌基础进行更密集的实验室和现场研究。通过专家指导、定向阅读、正式课程和研讨会、现场培训、参加国家科学会议、手稿和拨款准备、对南加州大学健康、情感和成瘾实验室学生的指导，以及完成拟议的调查专业知识，将在以下方面获得专门知识：(A)尼古丁成瘾的自然实地评估；(B)环境管理评估的设计和实施；以及(C)使用先进的统计方法来测试项目概述的目标。因此，在拟议的培训期结束时，申请者将处于独特的地位，能够开展一项独立的跨学科研究，包括实验室和实地研究，以调查女性成瘾的具体因素。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable death and disability in the U.S. Although women compared to men are at a greater risk of smoking-related disease morbidity and mortality, research suggests they may smoke for different reasons than men and have a harder time quitting than men. Research identifying female-specific factors underlying addiction is critical for: (a) addressing sex-related health disparities; (b) informing female-specific treatments; and (c) discovering addiction processes that are overrepresented among females yet applicable to both sexes. Ovarian hormones represent a female specific factor implicate in the maintenance of nicotine addiction and success following a quit attempt. This proposal aims to advance this line of research by combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with daily hormonal sampling across an entire menstrual cycle to further examine the patterns and mechanisms of ovarian hormone variation effects on smoking in women in real time. The use of prospective daily recordings and hormonal sampling will allow us to test whether smoking will be higher on days with high estrogen and lower on days with high progesterone (Aim 1), that women with greater estrogen to progesterone ratios compared to women with lower estrogen to progesterone ratios across the entire menstrual cycle will smoke more and be more nicotine dependent (Aim 2), and that days with higher estrogen will be marked by greater nicotine reward and worse cognitive control, which will mediate relations between higher estrogen and increased smoking (Aim 3). Secondary aims will explore variability of hormonal effects across the menstrual cycle (Aim 4). As the first comprehensive study investigating daily changes in ovarian hormones, drug reward, cognitive control, and smoking behavior, this project will pave the way for a program of research involving more intensive laboratory and field-based studies of psychoneuroendocrinological underpinnings of smoking in women. Through expert mentoring, directed readings, formal coursework and seminars, onsite training, attending national scientific meetings, manuscript and grant preparation, mentorship of students in the USC Health, Emotion, and Addiction Laboratory, and the completion of the proposed investigation expertise will be gained in: (a) Naturalistic field assessment of nicotine addiction; (b) EMA design and implementation; and (c) Use of advanced statistical methodology to test the aims outlined by the project. Thus, by the end of the proposed training period, the applicant will be uniquely positioned to run an independent interdisciplinary line of research incorporating both lab and field based studies in investigating female specific factors in addiction.