Community Violence and Reproductive Health among Youth in Salinas, California

加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯青少年的社区暴力和生殖健康

• 批准号: 9264404
• 负责人: ALEXANDRA M MINNIS
• 金额: $ 61.67万
• 依托单位: RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9264404
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Agriculture; Area; Birth Rate; California; Characteristics; Collaborations; Communication; Communities; County; Coupled; Destinations; Developing Countries; Discrimination; Employment; Ensure; Environment; Ethnic group; Family; Female; Focus Groups; Funding; Gender; Generations; Health; Hispanics; Home environment; Immigrant; Immigration; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Latina; Latino; Methods; Mexican; Modeling; Names; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Peer Group; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Prevention approach; Prospective cohort study; Public Health; Qualitative Research; Recording of previous events; Reproductive Health; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Rural; Rural Community; Salinas Valley; Sampling; San Francisco; Schools; Sexual Health; Shapes; Students; Techniques; Teenagers; Time; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Unsafe Sex; Violence; Work; Workplace; Youth; adolescent sexual health; aged; agricultural community; base; bullying; cohesion; cohort; critical developmental period; design; early childbearing; eighth grade; evidence base; experience; family structure; fighting; gang; gang violence; health disparity; high risk; high school; innovation; junior high school; male; migration; peer; prospective; protective behavior; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; rural counties; secondary outcome; social; socioeconomic disparity; socioeconomics; teen birth; tenth grade; youth violence; youth violence prevention

DESCRIPTION: The objective of this study, led by an early-stage investigator building directly on her NICHD K01 research, is to address gaps in research on structural and interpersonal factors in a rural, agricultural community that influence the onset of youth violence and sexual health risks associated with teen pregnancy during the transition from early to middle adolescence. In California, where one in eight U.S. adolescents reside; Latinas maintain the highest teen birth rate, accounting, in 2010, for 41% of the teen population yet 73% of teen births. Adolescent sexual health research has focused primarily on urban youth; however, one in three California teen births are to Latina teens residing in a rural county. Numerous structural and interpersonal (family, peer, partner) factors that shape the risk environment differ between urban and rural communities. Understanding these underlying contexts that contribute to health disparities is vital to achieving substantive improvements in health outcomes. Our NIH-funded research with Latino adolescents in San Francisco over the past 12 years has highlighted a strong connection between community violence and unintended teen pregnancy. Though traditionally regarded as urban, gangs have emerged in many nonurban areas of the United States. This study will take place in Salinas, CA, an agricultural community located in Monterey County on California's central coast. The U.S. Department of Justice named Salinas as one of six high-risk communities nationally for youth gang violence. Monterey County had the sixth highest teen birth rate in 2010 among California's 58 counties. High rates of youth violence and early childbearing in Salinas, California, coupled with entrenched socioeconomic disparities resulting from generations of Mexican migration for agricultural-sector employment, make research to develop appropriate interventions imperative. This context presents an opportunity to examine the relative salience of structural and interpersonal factors to youth violence and reproductive health in a rural county like numerous others throughout central California. This research was initiated by the Monterey County Health Department and has been developed in partnership with an experienced team of NIH investigators. Informed by the Social Ecological Model of Health, we will accomplish our aims through a mixed-methods design that includes formative qualitative research using focus groups, followed by a 2-year prospective cohort study with a random sample of 600 8th grade students, 40 of whom will be selected to complete prospective in-depth interviews. Our aims are to 1) investigate structural and interpersonal factors that are individually and jointly associated with engagement in violent behaviors and sexual health risks among female and male 8th-grade Latino students in Salinas, CA; 2) examine the trajectories of violent behaviors and sexual risk over time, and their interaction, during the transition from 8th grade to 10th grade; and 3) identify structural and interpersonal factors that influence engagement in violent behaviors and sexual health risks during the transition from 8th grade to 10th grade.

产品说明：这项研究的目的，由一个早期的研究人员直接建立在她的NICHD K 01研究，是解决在农村，农业社区的结构和人际因素的研究差距，影响青少年暴力和性健康风险的发生与青少年怀孕从青春期早期过渡到中期。在加州，每八个美国青少年中就有一个居住在那里;拉丁裔保持着最高的青少年出生率，2010年占青少年人口的41%，但占青少年出生率的73%。青少年性健康研究主要集中在城市青年;然而，三分之一的加州青少年出生是居住在农村县的拉丁裔青少年。许多结构 形成风险环境的人际因素（家庭、同伴、伙伴）在城市和农村社区之间存在差异。了解这些造成健康差距的基本背景对于实现健康成果的实质性改善至关重要。在过去的12年里，我们在旧金山弗朗西斯科对拉丁裔青少年进行的NIH资助的研究强调了社区暴力和意外少女怀孕之间的密切联系。虽然传统上被认为是城市，帮派已经出现在美国的许多非城市地区。本研究将在加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯进行，这是一个位于加州中部海岸蒙特雷县的农业社区。美国司法部将萨利纳斯列为全国六个青少年帮派暴力高危社区之一。2010年，蒙特雷县的青少年出生率在加州的58个县中排名第六。加州萨利纳斯的青年暴力和早育率很高，再加上几代墨西哥人移民到农业部门就业造成的根深蒂固的社会经济差距，使研究制定适当的干预措施势在必行。这一背景下提供了一个机会，以审查结构和人际因素的相对显着性，青年暴力和生殖健康在农村县一样，许多其他整个加州中部。这项研究由蒙特雷县卫生局发起，并与经验丰富的NIH研究人员团队合作开发。由健康的社会生态模型告知，我们将通过混合方法设计，包括使用焦点小组形成定性研究，其次是为期2年的前瞻性队列研究，随机抽样600名8年级学生，其中40人将被选中完成前瞻性深入访谈来实现我们的目标。我们的目标是1）调查结构和人际因素，是单独和共同参与暴力行为和性健康风险之间的女性和男性8年级拉丁裔学生在萨利纳斯，加利福尼亚州; 2）检查暴力行为的轨迹和性风险随着时间的推移，以及他们的相互作用，在从8年级到10年级的过渡;以及3）确定影响从八年级到十年级过渡期间参与暴力行为和性健康风险的结构和人际因素。