Contributions of executive control abilities to perspective-taking in aphasia

执行控制能力对失语症换位思考的贡献

• 批准号: 9236077
• 负责人: ALISON MICHELE TRUDE
• 金额: $ 1.7万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9236077
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Anodes; Aphasia; Architecture; Area; Attention; Awareness; Behavioral; Books; Brain; Broca Aphasia; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Communication; Comprehension; Confusion; Devices; Diagnosis; Drops; Exhibits; Experimental Designs; Eye; Failure; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Language; Lead; Left; Light; Literature; Maps; Methods; Names; Nature; Outcome; Plant Roots; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Process; Production; Quality of life; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Role; Short-Term Memory; Side; Site; Speech; Testing; Time; Tissues; Translating; aphasic; clinical practice; cognitive ability; cognitive process; directed attention; executive function; experimental study; improved; language comprehension; lexical retrieval; operation; prevent; public health relevance; skills; theories; visual information

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to adopt the perspective of others when speaking or listening is a key aspect of successful conversation. This ability relies on several cognitive operations such as lexical retrieval, working memory and inhibitory control, all of which can be impaired to various degrees in nonfluent aphasia. Because of this, difficulties in perspective-taking could be a serious problem in individuals with nonfluent aphasia, but it has not received much attention in the cognitive psychology literature. The goal of the current proposal is to shed light on the possible perspective-taking deficits in the production and comprehension of individuals with nonfluent aphasia through a systematic study of the cognitive architecture of perspective taking. The Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Defining the cognitiv architecture of perspective-taking, including the contributions of specific executive control processes 2. Determining whether perspective-taking can be improved by the application of anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (a-tDCS) The first set of experiments uses eye-tracking and behavioral methods to distinguish between several processes that contribute to perspective-taking, the impairment of which can cause failure of perspective- taking in different situations. The second set of experiments explores the possibility of improving perspective- taking by enhancing its underlying cognitive components through the application of a-tDCS, a safe and noninvasive procedure that has previously been shown to improve executive control abilities. The findings from these studies will promote our understanding of the cognitive architecture of perspective-taking and the nature of cognitive processes that jointly contribute to it, and will more broadly inform theories of language production and comprehension whose goal is to explain effective communication. Furthermore, the findings will shed light on the origins of perspective-taking deficits in aphasia, and as such contribute to the ultimate goal of aphasia research, which is enhancing communication abilities in this population. On the clinical side, the project raises awareness about a potentially significant problem in aphasic communication, and proposes ways to diagnose and potentially treat such problems using tasks and devices that are safe and easy to integrate in clinical practice. In summary, this project has the potential to improve communicative outcomes for individuals with nonfluent aphasia while at the same time contributing to the cognitive psychology literature on language production and comprehension.

 描述（由适用提供）：在讲话或聆听时采用他人观点的能力是成功对话的关键方面。这种能力依赖于多种认知操作，例如词汇检索，工作记忆和抑制性控制，所有这些 在非流行性失语症中可能会受到各种程度的损害。因此，观点的困难可能是非流行性失语的人的严重问题，但在认知心理学文献中并没有得到太多关注。当前提案的目的是通过系统地研究观点的认知结构进行系统的研究，以阐明生产和理解非自然失语症的人的可能观点定义。该项目的具体目的是：1。定义观点的认知结构，包括特定的执行控制过程的贡献2。确定是否可以通过应用阳极经颅直流电流刺激（A-TDC）来改善观点的探讨，以区分几个过程，以区分几个过程，从而将其造成的范围造成贡献，从而使该方法构成了这些过程，这些过程构成了这些过程，这些过程构成了这种范围的范围。在不同情况下的观点。第二组实验探索了通过应用A-TDCS增强其潜在的认知成分来改善观点的可能性，A-TDCs是一种安全且无创的程序，以前已证明可以提高执行控制能力。这些研究的发现将促进我​​们对观点的认知结构的理解，以及共同有助于认知过程的性质 它，并将更广泛地告知语言生产和理解理论，其目标是解释有效的沟通。此外，这些发现将阐明失语症的观点缺陷的起源，因此，这有助于失语症研究的最终目标，这在增强了该人群中的沟通能力。从临床方面来说，该项目提高了人们对失语性交流中潜在重大问题的认识，并提出了使用安全且易于整合在临床实践中的任务和设备来诊断和潜在处理此类问题的方法。总而言之，该项目有可能改善非流行性失语的人的沟通成果，同时促进有关语言生产和理解的认知心理学文献。