Dual Catalytic Asymmetric Photoredox Coupling of alpha- Keto Radicals
α-酮自由基的双催化不对称光氧化还原偶联
基本信息
- 批准号:9402436
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 0.27万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2016-08-15 至 2019-08-14
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AttentionBeerBiologicalBiosensorCatalysisChemicalsChemistryComplexCopperCoupledCouplingDevelopmentDiagnosisDiseaseEffectivenessElectronicsElectronsEnsureEnvironmentEventGlassIndolesIndustrializationIronKetonesLawsLigandsLightLiteratureMasksMetalsMethodologyMethodsModernizationModificationMono-SOrganic SynthesisOxidantsOxidation-ReductionOxidesPatternPharmaceutical PreparationsPharmacologic SubstancePhotonsPhotosensitivityPlanet EarthProcessProductionProductivityPropertyReactionRecording of previous eventsReducing AgentsResearchRouteRunningSlideSocietiesSourceSurfaceSystemTargeted ResearchTestingTherapeuticTimecatalystchemical reactionchemical synthesiscost effectiveenantiomerenolatehuman diseaseinnovationinterestmillimeternext generationoxidationpreventtoolwasting
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY
The modern world relies upon chemistry to provide a variety of essential materials. Of particular
importance is the use of chemical synthesis to generate biologically relevant compounds to prevent, diagnose,
and treat disease. It is imperative to render these processes as safe, sustainable, and cost-effective as
possible to ensure the long-term productivity of this field. Two of the most commonly utilized transformations to
this end are oxidation and reduction reactions. Recently, photoredox catalysis has been shown to be a
powerful tool to facilitate these reactions. Photoredox catalysis has the benefit of utilizing safe, mild, and
sustainable terminal oxidants or reductants in conjunction with a small amount of photosensitive catalyst.
Furthermore, iron and copper are earth abundant metals that have been shown to effect a variety of useful
oxidation reactions. However, if iron and copper oxidation reactions can be coupled with photoredox catalysis,
stoichiometric metal waste can be circumvented and more sustainable processes will emerge. An important
oxidation reaction promoted by copper and iron is the radical enolate coupling with indoles to furnish
substituted indoles and the radical enolate coupling with enolates to furnish 1,4-dikeontes. The literature
pertaining to copper and iron oxidation is rich, however no catalytic examples exist. Due to the issues
associated with stoichiometric use of copper and iron, catalytic asymmetric methodologies with these
stoichiometric oxidants are rare. By using an inexpensive terminal oxidant to re-oxidize copper or iron, chiral
ligands may be employed on the metal centers to impart asymmetry on the bond formation.
The Buchwald group has a history of developing catalytic reactions that are useful to the industrial and
academic arenas. In order to develop an asymmetric dual catalytic oxidation of enolates to to couple with
indoles and enolates we will first explore the racemic reaction with catalytic amounts of copper or iron in the
presence of a photocatalyst and stoichiometric terminal oxidant. Once the racemic reaction has been
developed and understood, we will explore the use of chiral ligands on copper and iron to generate an
asymmetric enolate coupling reaction. We will also explore the implementation of this chemistry in photo-flow
reactors. Finally, this reaction will be used as a tool effect surface modification through photo-patterning.
The research proposed herein presents an innovative approach to solving the challenges of catalytic
oxidation with iron and copper. Furthermore, the use of catalytic copper or iron will allow for the implementation
of asymmetric coupling reactions through the use of chiral ligands. By coupling photoredox catalysis with iron
and copper oxidation chemistry, these already useful reactions will become significantly more powerful.
Furthermore, the development of catalytic oxidations will allow for the application of these reactions to more
diverse systems for chemical and material synthesis.
项目摘要
现代世界依靠化学提供各种基本材料。
重要的是使用化学合成来产生生物学相关的化合物,以预防,诊断,
并治疗疾病。必须使这些过程安全、可持续且具有成本效益,
可以确保该领域的长期生产力。两个最常用的转换,
最近,光氧化还原催化已被证明是一种有效的催化剂。
光氧化还原催化具有利用安全,温和,
可持续的末端氧化剂或还原剂与少量光敏催化剂结合。
此外,铁和铜是地球上丰富的金属,其已经显示出影响多种有用的生物学特性。
然而,如果铁和铜的氧化反应可以与光氧化还原催化结合,
化学计量的金属废物可以避免,更可持续的工艺将出现。
铜和铁促进的氧化反应是烯醇化自由基与吲哚偶联,
取代的吲哚和与烯醇化物偶联得到1,4-双烯酮的烯醇化物基团。
与铜和铁氧化有关的内容丰富,但不存在催化例子。由于问题
与铜和铁的化学计量使用相关,
化学计量的氧化剂是罕见的。通过使用廉价的终端氧化剂还原氧化铜或铁,
可以在金属中心上使用配体以赋予键形成不对称性。
Buchwald小组具有开发对工业和生物技术有用的催化反应的历史,
为了开发烯醇化物的不对称双催化氧化,
吲哚和烯醇化物,我们将首先探索外消旋反应与催化量的铜或铁在
在光催化剂和化学计量的末端氧化剂的存在下。
开发和理解,我们将探索使用手性配体的铜和铁,以产生一个
不对称烯醇化物偶联反应。我们也将探讨这种化学在光化学流中的应用
最后,该反应将用作通过光刻图案化进行表面改性的工具。
本文提出的研究提出了一种创新的方法来解决催化的挑战,
此外,使用催化性铜或铁将允许实施氧化。
通过使用手性配体的不对称偶联反应。通过偶联光氧化还原催化铁
和铜氧化化学,这些已经有用的反应将变得明显更强大。
此外,催化氧化的发展将允许将这些反应应用于更多领域。
用于化学和材料合成的多种系统。
项目成果
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