International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP-14)

这项拟议的R13申请涵盖了一系列长期存在的 机会主义原教旨主义者国际讲习班(即IWOP-14)。这些会议致力于 在免疫系统有缺陷的患者中造成严重问题的原生生物，例如 接受免疫抑制治疗或患有免疫系统衰弱疾病，如 艾滋病。许多这些知之甚少的病原体最初被识别出来是因为它们的 机会主义环境，如艾滋病毒/艾滋病和移植的频率增加； 然而，现在人们认识到，这些也是免疫活性宿主的病原体。 由于通过食物和水传播，其中几种生物也具有生物防御功能。 B类病原体和环境保护局(EPA)感兴趣的病原体。这个 IWOP会议于1988年发起，旨在为规模较小但不断增长的国际科学工作者提供服务 对研究这种不寻常的非可培养生物肺孢子虫感兴趣的社区。在… 当时，肺孢子虫还相对不为人所知，在微生物学中被许多人忽视 社区。有必要召开一个小型会议，科学家们可以在会上交流新的 从与这些挑剔的有机体合作中获得的技术和经验。基本信条 IWOP研讨会的一项内容是通过开放入场促进信息自由交流 开会。它已经并将重点放在学生、实习生、年轻调查人员和代表性不足的人身上 科学家。IWOP的第2次至第11次会议增加到包括其他基于OP的社区 这些小组经历了肺孢子虫社区面临的许多研究挑战。 IWOP会议现在包括关于隐孢子虫、微孢子虫、 弓形虫；以及有致病性的自由生活阿米巴。近年来，IWOP已经 也开始成为其他真核微生物寄生虫研究人员的论坛 免疫缺陷个体目前的病理与免疫中观察到的不同 有能力的病人。今天，IWOP的会议被认为是大多数人的关键会议 研究肺孢子虫、隐孢子虫和微孢子虫的基础科学的研究人员。 它是基于社区的项目(例如基因组测序、动物模型、 培养技术等)和共识文件(即分类地位、研究重点、 命名标准)已经开发出来。因为这些生物中的许多都不是很好 在更大的真菌或寄生虫学会议上代表，研究进展显然将是 如果这个单一的论坛不再举行，将受到严重阻碍。与其他更大的 会议这些讲习班提供了尚未面世的最新资料。

This proposed R13 application covers the 14th meeting in a long standing series of the International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (i.e. IWOP-14). These meeting are devoted to protists that cause serious problems in patients with defective immune systems, such as those receiving immunosuppressive therapies or with immune system debilitating diseases, such as AIDS. Many of these poorly understood pathogens were initially recognized due to their increased frequency in opportunistic settings, such as in HIV/AIDS and transplantation; however, it is now appreciated that these are also pathogens of immune competent hosts. Several of these organisms, due to their transmission by food and water, are also biodefense category B pathogens and environmental protection agency (EPA) pathogens of interest. The IWOP meeting was initiated in 1988 to serve the small, but growing international scientific community interested in working with the unusual, non-cultivatable organism Pneumocystis. At the time, Pneumocystis was relatively unknown and was ignored by many in the microbiological community. There was a need for a small meeting where scientists could exchange new techniques and experiences gained from working with these fastidious organisms. A basic tenet of the IWOP Workshops is a free exchange of information facilitated by open admission to the meeting. It has and is focused on students, trainees, young investigators and under-represented scientists. The 2nd through 11th IWOP meetings grew to include other OP-based community groups that experienced many of the research challenges facing the Pneumocystis community. The IWOP meetings now include research presentations on Cryptosporidia; Microsporidia; Toxoplasma gondii; and free-living amebae that are pathogenic. In recent years, IWOP has also begun serving as a forum for researchers of other eukaryotic microbial parasites that present pathologies in immune deficient individuals distinct from that observed in immune competent patients. Today, the IWOP meetings are regarded as critical meetings for most researchers investigating the basic science of Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidia, and Microsporidia. It is the meeting at which community based projects (e.g. genome sequencing, animal models, culture techniques, etc) and consensus papers (i.e. taxonomic status, research priorities, nomenclature standards) have been developed. Because many of these organisms are not well represented in larger fungal or parasitology meetings, research progress would clearly be severely hampered if this singular forum was no longer held. In comparison to other larger meetings these Workshops provide current updates that have not yet reached the literature.