International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP-14)

这一拟议的R13申请涵盖了长期系列会议的第14次会议， 国际原生生物研讨会（即IWOP-14）。这些会议专门讨论 在免疫系统有缺陷的患者中引起严重问题的原生生物，例如 接受免疫抑制治疗或患有免疫系统衰弱性疾病，如 艾滋病许多这些知之甚少的病原体最初是由于它们的 在机会性环境中，例如在艾滋病毒/艾滋病和移植中，发生频率增加; 然而现在认识到这些也是免疫活性宿主的病原体。 这些生物中的一些，由于它们通过食物和水传播，也是生物防御性的 B类病原体和环境保护署（EPA）关注的病原体。的 IWOP会议于1988年发起，旨在为小型但不断增长的国际科学 社区感兴趣的工作与不寻常的，不可培养的有机体肺孢子虫。在 当时，肺孢子虫相对不为人知，在微生物学领域被许多人忽视。 社区有必要召开一个小型会议，让科学家们交流新的 从与这些挑剔的生物体合作中获得的技术和经验。一个基本道理 IWOP研讨会的主要内容是免费交流信息， 会议它过去和现在的重点是学生、受训人员、年轻调查人员和代表性不足的人。 科学家第2次至第11次IWOP会议扩大到包括其他基于OP的社区 这些群体经历了肺孢子虫群体面临的许多研究挑战。 IWOP会议现在包括关于隐孢子虫、微孢子虫、 弓形虫;以及致病的自由生活阿米巴。近年来，IWOP 也开始成为其他真核微生物寄生虫研究人员的论坛， 在免疫缺陷个体中存在不同于在免疫缺陷个体中观察到的病理学。 有能力的病人今天，IWOP会议被认为是大多数人的关键会议， 研究肺孢子虫、隐孢子虫和微孢子虫基础科学的研究人员。 在这个会议上，基于社区的项目（如基因组测序，动物模型， 培养技术等）和共识论文（即分类学地位，研究优先事项， 命名标准）。因为这些生物体中的许多 在更大的真菌或寄生虫学会议上，研究进展显然是 如果不再举办这一独特的论坛，就会受到严重阻碍。与其他大型 这些讲习班提供了尚未达到文献的最新情况。

This proposed R13 application covers the 14th meeting in a long standing series of the International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (i.e. IWOP-14). These meeting are devoted to protists that cause serious problems in patients with defective immune systems, such as those receiving immunosuppressive therapies or with immune system debilitating diseases, such as AIDS. Many of these poorly understood pathogens were initially recognized due to their increased frequency in opportunistic settings, such as in HIV/AIDS and transplantation; however, it is now appreciated that these are also pathogens of immune competent hosts. Several of these organisms, due to their transmission by food and water, are also biodefense category B pathogens and environmental protection agency (EPA) pathogens of interest. The IWOP meeting was initiated in 1988 to serve the small, but growing international scientific community interested in working with the unusual, non-cultivatable organism Pneumocystis. At the time, Pneumocystis was relatively unknown and was ignored by many in the microbiological community. There was a need for a small meeting where scientists could exchange new techniques and experiences gained from working with these fastidious organisms. A basic tenet of the IWOP Workshops is a free exchange of information facilitated by open admission to the meeting. It has and is focused on students, trainees, young investigators and under-represented scientists. The 2nd through 11th IWOP meetings grew to include other OP-based community groups that experienced many of the research challenges facing the Pneumocystis community. The IWOP meetings now include research presentations on Cryptosporidia; Microsporidia; Toxoplasma gondii; and free-living amebae that are pathogenic. In recent years, IWOP has also begun serving as a forum for researchers of other eukaryotic microbial parasites that present pathologies in immune deficient individuals distinct from that observed in immune competent patients. Today, the IWOP meetings are regarded as critical meetings for most researchers investigating the basic science of Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidia, and Microsporidia. It is the meeting at which community based projects (e.g. genome sequencing, animal models, culture techniques, etc) and consensus papers (i.e. taxonomic status, research priorities, nomenclature standards) have been developed. Because many of these organisms are not well represented in larger fungal or parasitology meetings, research progress would clearly be severely hampered if this singular forum was no longer held. In comparison to other larger meetings these Workshops provide current updates that have not yet reached the literature.