Optically Induced Anisometropia

7.项目摘要 出生后不久，大多数婴儿发展出最佳屈光不正（即，“临床”正视）， 然后在整个童年和成年早期维持。然而，由于目前没有 据了解，一个显着的和迅速增加的人口比例发展近视，或 近视因为当眼睛变得近视时， 低度数的近视，对多种致盲状况构成重大风险。因此，近视是 现在是世界上永久性视力障碍的主要原因之一。我们的长期目标是 研究计划是提供对常见形式的近视的病因学的更好理解（例如， 青少年发病近视），并最终制定有效的治疗策略， 近视我们提出的研究的具体目标是确定视觉体验如何影响屈光 发展，以表征视觉依赖机制的运作特性，调节 眼睛生长，并探索新的药物方法来消除近视。由于许多必要的 实验不能在人类身上进行，但我们的目的是产生可以应用的知识 这些实验将以恒河猴为对象进行。控制饲养 战略和光学和生物测量技术将被用来确定：1）低的影响， 环境光水平对正视化和眼睛生长的视觉依赖性变化的影响，2） 光谱组成的环境照明轴向生长和折射发展，以及3）是否 腺苷受体拮抗剂可以延缓近视的发展。拟议的实验重点是 关于视觉经验影响屈光发展的方式的基本问题， 是决定视觉经验如何以及在多大程度上有助于 常见的人类屈光不正。更重要的是，这些研究的结果可能会提供 为最常见形式的定性新治疗和管理策略奠定科学基础 近视。

7. Project Summary Soon after birth, most infants develop the optimal refractive error (i.e., “clinical” emmetropia) in both eyes that is then maintained throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and rapidly increasing proportion of the population develop myopia or nearsightedness. Because of structural changes that take place as the eye becomes myopic, myopia, even low degrees of myopia, pose a significant risk for multiple blinding conditions. As a consequence, myopia is now one of the leading causes of permanent visual impairment in the world. The long-term goal of our research program is to provide a better understanding of the etiology of common forms of myopia (e.g., juvenile onset myopia) and ultimately to develop effective treatment strategies the reduce the burden of myopia. The specific aims of our proposed research are to determine how visual experience affects refractive development, to characterize the operational properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth, and to explore new pharmaceutical approaches to eliminate myopia. Since many of the required experiments can not be conducted in humans, but our purpose is to generate knowledge that can be applied to human development, these experiments will be conducted using rhesus monkeys. Controlled rearing strategies and optical and biometric measurement techniques will be used to determine: 1) the effects of low ambient light levels on emmetropization and vision-dependent changes in eye growth, 2) the influence of the spectral composition of ambient lighting on axial growth and refractive development, and 3) whether adenosine receptor antagonists can retard the development of myopia. The proposed experiments focus on fundamental issues concerning the manner in which visual experience influences refractive development and are an important step in determining how and to what extent visual experience contributes to the genesis of common human refractive errors. More importantly, the results of these studies will potentially provide the scientific foundation for qualitatively new treatment and management strategies for the most common forms of myopia.