Sound Evoked Eye and Head Movements Mediated by Vestibulo-Collic and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR, VCR) Pathways: a Physiological Basis for Noise Induced Vestibular Loss (NIVL)

前庭-结肠和前庭-眼反射 (VOR、VCR) 通路介导的声音诱发的眼睛和头部运动：噪声引起的前庭丧失 (NIVL) 的生理基础

• 批准号: 9109951
• 负责人: WILLIAM M KING
• 金额: $ 19.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9109951
• 关键词: Ablation; Acoustics; Acute; Animal Model; Animal Testing; Animals; Area; Auditory system; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cervical; Clinic; Clinical; Code; Complex; Comprehension; Data; Decision Making; Detection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Digit structure; Elderly; Electrophysiology (science); Equilibrium; Evolution; Exposure to; Eye; Eye Movements; Forelimb; Functional disorder; Future; Galago Genus; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Head; Head Movements; Hearing; Human; Individual; Lesion; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca; Mammals; Manuals; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle; Neck; Neurons; Noise; Occupational; Paralysed; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Physiological; Posture; Prevalence; Primates; Procedures; Process; Prosimii; Rattus; Recovery; Reflex action; Research; Risk; Role; Semicircular canal structure; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Translating; Translational Research; Tupaiidae; Utricle structure; Vestibular loss; Veterans; Voluntary Programs; Work; base; comparative; dexterity; equilibration disorder; experience; falls; grasp; hearing impairment; human subject; innovation; insight; microstimulation; multisensory; novel; otoconia; physical model; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research clinical testing; sound; tool; vestibulo-ocular reflex

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One of the hallmarks of human evolution is the extraordinary degree to which we can manipulate the physical world with our hands or with tools that extend or amplify portions of our forelimb and digits. This manual dexterity coevolved with an expansion of posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which contains areas involved in programming voluntary movements, coding reach targets in multiple reference frames, and decision making. To allow our body to interact with our physical surroundings, these fields must also construct an internal model of the physical self: our body's configuration, the boundary between our body and external physical objects, and the temporary expansion of that self as we wield a tool that extends our reach and manual capabilities. Such comprehension of where and what the self is and even the ability to manipulate objects and use them as tools did not evolve de novo in humans, but rather emerged from simple networks likely to be present in early mammals. The overarching goal of this proposal is to use a multileveled comparative approach to determine how simple networks associated with reaching and grasping were modified to produce the sophisticated abilities associated with the human condition. In four important animal models (rats, tree shrews, prosimian galagos, and macaque monkeys) we will use electrophysiological recording techniques, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), and neuroanatomical tracing techniques to define homologous areas in PPC. We, and others, have proposed that PPC generates movements guided by the integration of multisensory inputs occurring in PPC. During movements, neurons in motor areas and movement-specific domains of PPC coordinate their activity to generate unique sequences of body, forelimb and hand postures necessary for context-dependent target acquisition and other movements. This hypothesis will be tested in two ways: (1) We will reversibly deactivate motor (M1) cortex in macaque monkeys and rats and examine the effects on movement domains elicited by ICMS in PPC, and (2) We will reversibly deactivate M1 and cortical areas in PPC in macaque monkeys during a natural, bimanual target acquisition task to reveal how these cortical areas work together to generate accurate and contextually appropriate reaching and grasping. By combining connectional, functional, and behavioral data from multiple species, these studies will provide a rich understanding of the role of these complex brain networks in the planning and execution of movement.

 描述（由申请人提供）：人类进化的标志之一是我们可以用我们的手或扩展或放大我们前肢和手指部分的工具操纵物理世界的非凡程度。这种手动灵活性与后顶叶皮层（PPC）的扩展共同进化，PPC包含参与编程自愿运动的区域，在多个参考框架中编码达到目标和决策。为了让我们的身体与我们的物理环境相互作用，这些场还必须构建一个物理自我的内部模型：我们身体的配置，我们身体和外部物理对象之间的边界，以及当我们使用扩展我们的范围和手动能力的工具时自我的暂时扩展。这种对自我在哪里、是什么的理解，甚至是操纵物体并将其用作工具的能力，并不是在人类身上重新进化而来的，而是从早期哺乳动物可能存在的简单网络中出现的。这个提议的首要目标是使用一种多层次的比较方法来确定与伸手和抓握相关的简单网络是如何被修改以产生与人类条件相关的复杂能力的。在四个重要的动物模型（大鼠，树鼩，原猴galagos，猕猴），我们将使用电生理记录技术，皮质内微刺激（ICMS），和神经解剖追踪技术，以确定同源领域的PPC。我们和其他人提出，PPC产生的运动是由PPC中发生的多感觉输入的整合引导的。在运动过程中，运动区和PPC运动特异性域中的神经元协调它们的活动，以产生独特的身体、前肢和手部姿势序列，这些姿势是上下文相关的目标获取和其他运动所必需的。这一假设将通过两种方式进行检验：（1）我们将可逆地使猕猴和大鼠的运动（M1）皮层失活，并检查对PPC中ICMS引起的运动域的影响，和（2）我们将可逆地使猕猴的PPC中的M1和皮层区域失活，双手目标获取任务，揭示这些皮层区域如何协同工作，以产生准确和上下文适当的达到和把握。通过结合来自多个物种的连接，功能和行为数据，这些研究将为这些复杂的大脑网络在运动的规划和执行中的作用提供丰富的理解。