Individual differences in cochlear implant users' audiovisual integration and links to speech proficiency

人工耳蜗使用者视听整合的个体差异及其与言语能力的联系

• 批准号: 9329980
• 负责人: Iliza Myers Butera
• 金额: $ 2.87万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9329980
• 关键词: Acoustics; Activities of Daily Living; Articulation; Auditory; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Communication; Comprehension; Data; Devices; Effectiveness; Electrodes; Environment; Exhibits; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Habilitation; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Illusions; Imaging Techniques; Implant; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Left; Link; Literature; Measures; Monitor; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Neuraxis; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Play; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postoperative Period; Predisposition; Quality of life; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Role; Semantics; Sensory; Speech; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Stream; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Temporal Lobe; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Vision; Visual; Work; audiovisual speech; auditory rehabilitation; base; behavior measurement; cohort; comparative; design; experience; experimental study; hearing impairment; hemodynamics; improved; lexical; multisensory; neuroprosthesis; non-invasive imaging; novel; optical imaging; orofacial; relating to nervous system; response; sensory integration; sound; spectroscopic imaging; visual information

PROJECT SUMMARY Cochlear implants (CIs) allow those with profound hearing loss to experience sound, some of them for the first time. This highly successful neuroprosthetic device can drastically improve speech comprehension for some individuals; however, postoperative speech proficiency remains highly variable and difficult to predict. Although visual orofacial articulations play a crucial role in verbal communication both before and after cochlear implantation, clinical measures assessing implant candidacy and monitoring postoperative performance are currently limited to auditory-only speech measures. As a result, current assessments may be providing only a partial picture of aural rehabilitation with a CI. This proposal asserts that the degraded sound provided by a CI presents a unique computational challenge for the central nervous system and that, for speech in particular, visual information is almost certainly recruited to increase comprehension. We believe that extending performance assessments to include the visual domain increases the ecological validity of speech intelligibility measures and may also reveal an additional variable in successful outcomes–the integration of sensory streams to achieve multisensory enhancement. Our first aim is to characterize audiovisual integration in a cohort of postlingually deafened CI users. This includes unisensory and multisensory speech perception at the phoneme and word level. Doing so enables us to relate illusory tasks (i.e. the McGurk effect) to proficiency at comprehending words embedded in speech-like noise–a challenging listening environment for nearly all CI users, and one where effective sensory integration is key. Our second aim is to investigate the neural basis of variability in audiovisual integration seen in both our preliminary work and in the literature. Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that is safe for all CI users. Hemodynamic responses measured with this optical imaging technique will allow us to determine whether auditory, visual, and audiovisual stimuli activate the temporal lobe differently between 1) CI users and NH controls, 2) proficient and non-proficient CI users, and 3) McGurk illusion perceivers and non-perceivers. The goal of this proposal is to better understand atypical audiovisual integration and how it relates to variability in both neural processing and speech comprehension in cochlear implant (CI) users. This knowledge is essential for our understanding of speech proficiency with a CI and, most importantly, for how users can best utilize all sensory information to enhance intelligibility and improve quality of life.

项目摘要 人工耳蜗（CIS）允许那些听力严重损失的人体验声音，其中一些是第一个 时间。这种非常成功的神经假体设备可以大大提高某些人的语音理解 个人但是，术后语音水平仍然很大可变且难以预测。 尽管视觉上的口面相交在之前和之后都在言语交流中起着至关重要的作用 人工耳蜗植入，评估植入物候选者的临床措施和术后监测 目前，性能仅限于仅听觉的语音测量。结果，当前的评估可能是 仅提供与CI的部分听觉康复。该提议断言声音退化 由CI提供给中枢神经系统的独特计算挑战，这是 尤其是语音，几乎可以肯定会招募视觉信息以提高理解力。我们相信 扩展绩效评估以包括视觉域，可以提高 语音清晰度措施，也可能揭示成功结果的其他变量 - 感觉流的集成以实现多感官增强。 我们的第一个目的是在一系列后销毁的CI用户中表征视听集成。这 包括音素和单词级别的通用和多感官语音感知。这样做使我们 将虚幻的任务（即McGurk效应）联系起来，以熟练地理解嵌入语音的单词 噪音 - 几乎所有CI用户的挑战听力环境，以及有效的感官集成 是关键。 我们的第二个目的是调查在我们的两者中看到的视听整合变异性的神经基础 初步工作和文献。功能性近红外光谱（FNIRS）是一种无创成像 对所有CI用户都安全的技术。使用这种光学成像技术测量的血液动力学反应 将使我们能够确定听觉，视觉和视听刺激是否会以不同的方式激活临时叶子 在1）CI用户和NH控件之间，2）熟练且非合理的CI用户，3）McGurk Illusion 感知者和非感知者。 该建议的目的是更好地了解非典型的视听整合及其与可变性的关系 在人工耳蜗（CI）用户中的神经处理和语音理解中。这些知识是 我们对使用CI的语音熟练度的理解至关重要，最重要的是，对于用户如何最好的 利用所有感官信息来提高清晰度并提高生活质量。