The interplay of social, normative, and legal marijuana environments and marijuana and ATOD use from late childhood to young adulthood

随着合法大麻的更多可获得性和对大麻合法化的日益支持，人们对此感到担忧 我们将看到青少年和青壮年大麻以及酒精、烟草和其他毒品的增加(ATOD) 使用和相关的负面后果(例如，麻醉驾驶、成瘾)，包括 成功过渡到成年。从现有的研究中尚不清楚为什么、何时和为谁吸食大麻和 其他毒品的使用正在发生变化，以应对越来越多的规范和法律对大麻的许可 使用。仅仅基于法律和政策对大麻环境的狭隘定义可能导致了 结果好坏参半。基于社会、生态和发展理论，这项研究将研究大麻是如何 在多个社会环境(例如，同伴、家庭和社区)中使用规范和行为与法律 大麻的背景。了解社会、规范和法律因素之间的动态相互作用 创造大麻环境，让个人置身其中并养成吸毒行为 为预防干预和适当的公共卫生方法确定可延展的目标。这项研究将 检查来自一个独特的小组(n=4407)的数据，这些数据来自当前年轻成年人(2016年为23岁)，他们使用毒品 态度、信念和行为一直在规范和法律变化的背景下发展 大麻环境。在一项社区随机试验中，从5年级开始就对小组进行了跟踪调查 关爱社区(CTC)在7个州的24个小城镇建立了预防体系。试验表明，CTC是 有效减少风险因素、吸毒、青少年犯罪和21岁前的暴力行为。鉴于持续的 考虑到影响，重要的是要研究四氯化碳在青壮年的持续长期影响。因为CTC的目标是 为了加强社区对青少年吸毒和反社会行为的规范，反恐委员会可能是一项 能够改变个人规范的大麻环境的预防性战略。如果CTC可以将一个 社区青年走上更健康的终生轨道，CTC将为长期改善个人做出贡献 和公共卫生。这项研究的具体目的是(1)考察社会、规范和 法律背景界定了个人从儿童期后期到成年初期的大麻环境(年龄 11至27)，(2)检查是否、何时以及为谁(例如，男性或女性、拉丁裔或非拉丁裔)多- 从11岁到27岁，背景大麻环境增加了大麻和ATOD的使用和滥用 干扰成人角色的采用，以及(3)在变化的背景下审查四氯化碳的长期影响 在25岁和27岁时，大麻环境对大麻和ATOD的使用和滥用。这项研究将使用 多水平纵向分析方法(例如，增长和时变效应建模)以检查使用， 滥用、无序、并发和同时使用大麻和安非他明类兴奋剂。这项研究将收集2个新的 在25岁和27岁时的数据浪潮，以检查在20多岁正常使用药物时的关系 下降了。

With greater availability of legal marijuana and growing support for marijuana legalization, there is concern that we will see an increase in youth and young adult marijuana and alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use and associated negative consequences (e.g., drugged driving, addiction) including difficulties with a successful transition to adulthood. It is unclear from existing research why, when, and for whom marijuana and other drug use is changing in response to increasing normative and legal permissiveness toward marijuana use. A narrow definition of marijuana environment based on laws and policies alone may have contributed to mixed findings. Based on social ecological and developmental theories, this study will examine how marijuana use norms and behaviors in multiple social contexts (e.g., peer, family, and community) interact with the legal marijuana context. Understanding how the dynamic interplay between social, normative, and legal factors creates the marijuana environments in which individuals are embedded and develop drug use behavior will identify malleable targets for preventive interventions and appropriate public health approaches. The study will examine data from a unique panel (n=4407) of current young adults (age 23 in 2016) whose drug use attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors have been developing in the context of changing normative and legal marijuana environments. The panel has been followed since grade 5 in a community-randomized trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system in 24 small towns in 7 states. The trial showed CTC to be effective in reducing risk factors, drug use, delinquency, and violence through age 21. Given the sustained effects, it is important to examine continued long-term effects of CTC in young adulthood. Because CTC aims to strengthen the community’s norms against youth drug use and antisocial behavior, CTC may be a preventive strategy that can alter individuals’ normative marijuana environments. If CTC can move a community’s youth onto healthier life-long trajectories, CTC would contribute to long-term improved individual and public health. The specific aims of the study are to (1) examine how the interplay of social, normative, and legal contexts defines individuals’ marijuana environments from late childhood through young adulthood (age 11 to 27), (2) examine whether, when, and for whom (e.g., males or females, Latinos or non-Latinos) multi- contextual marijuana environments increase marijuana and ATOD use and misuse from age 11 to 27 and interfere with the adoption of adult roles, and (3) examine long-term effects of CTC in the context of changing marijuana environments on marijuana and ATOD use and misuse at ages 25 and 27. The study will use multilevel longitudinal analysis methods (e.g., growth and time-varying effect modeling) to examine the use, misuse, disorder, concurrent, and simultaneous use of marijuana and ATODs. The study will collect 2 new waves of data at ages 25 and 27 to examine relationships through the late 20s when drug use normally declines.