Spurring Innovation in HIV Testing and Linkage: A Crowdsourcing Approach -Diversity Supplement

刺激艾滋病毒检测和联系的创新：众包方法 - 多样性补充

• 批准号: 9370061
• 负责人: Joseph David Tucker
• 金额: $ 4.36万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-17 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9370061
• 关键词: Adult; American; Caring; China; Chinese People; Cities; Collaborations; Communication; Communities; Coordination and Collaboration; Country; County; Crowding; Data; Diagnosis; Elements; Encyclopedias; Ensure; Entrepreneurship; Exposure to; Foundations; Grant; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV/STD; Health Services; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Image; Incidence; Individual; Interdisciplinary Study; Internet; Intervention; Lead; Marketing; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; National Institute of Mental Health; North Carolina; Outsourcing; Ownership; Participant; Physicians; Policies; Population; Private Sector; Prize; Process; Program Evaluation; Province; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Project Grants; Serological; Services; Sexual Health; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Marketing; Specialist; System; Testing; Time; Training; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Use Effectiveness; Viral; Visual; Weight; aged; arm; authority; base; behavioral economics; commercial application; compare effectiveness; cost effective; critical period; crowdsourcing; design; evidence base; experience; experimental study; farmer; global health; high risk behavior; improved; innovation; men; men who have sex with men; migration; mortality; novel; preference; programs; public health relevance; research study; social; success; tool; transmission process; uptake; willingness; young adult; young men who have sex with men

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In 1907 the crowd at a county fair accurately estimated the weight of an ox. The median estimate of the crowd was more accurate than estimates from farmers and other experts. This startling observation demonstrates the wisdom of the crowds or communities in specific contexts. Crowdsourcing is the process of taking a task performed by an individual and outsourcing it to a large group in the form of a contest or open call. For example, Wikipedia solicits content and editing for its online encyclopedia. Applied to HIV testing and linkage campaigns, crowdsourcing offers an opportunity to better understand the needs and preferences of hidden key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), including those who have high risk behaviors but do not utilize existing health services. Online contests can generate novel content, visual images, and distribution networks for HIV testing and linkage campaigns. Another HIV tool originating from the private sector, social marketing can also enhance HIV campaigns. Social marketing is the systematic application of commercial marketing concepts to the analysis, planning, execution, and evaluation of programs. Social marketing brings together professional marketing and public health expertise in order to more effectively package and deliver HIV testing and linkage services. The major distinction between crowdsourcing and social marketing approaches in designing HIV campaigns is that crowdsourcing is largely driven by community engagement and developed bottom-up whereas social marketing is driven by public health specialists and developed top-down. Our research will focus on young (18-29yo) Chinese MSM who are highly active participants in online forums, but whose power has not been tapped for promoting HIV testing and linkage to care. This subset of men has a high HIV incidence, yet remains largely untested and unengaged. We hypothesize that a crowdsourced campaign will have a higher impact on HIV testing and linkage to care because of greater campaign engagement. Our multi-disciplinary research team brings together crowdsourcing and social marketing experience, a long term history of working with and on behalf of MSM in China, and a rich local infrastructure for HIV research, to investigate the following aims: (1) Develop a crowdsourced intervention and a social marketing intervention to enhance HIV testing and linkage among young adult MSM; (2) Compare the effectiveness of a crowdsourced intervention and a social marketing intervention on HIV testing and linkage using a multisite, quasi-experimental trial; and (3) Estimate the impact of crowdsourced and social marketing interventions among young MSM on HIV transmission in four cities using modeling. Implementing partners at Social Entrepreneurship for Sexual Health (SESH) Global, a non-governmental organization, have developed and piloted crowdsourcing methods to promote HIV testing in China. Long standing in-country research projects and infrastructure at UNC Project-China increase the likelihood of success. This research will contribute to enhanced HIV campaigns and ultimately lead to decreased HIV acquisition and transmission.

描述(申请人提供)：1907年，在一个县集市上，人们准确地估计了一头牛的体重。对人群的中值估计比农民和其他专家的估计更准确。这一令人震惊的观察显示了人群或社区在特定背景下的智慧。众包是将个人完成的一项任务以竞赛或公开募集的形式外包给一个大团体的过程。例如，维基百科为其在线百科全书征集内容和编辑。应用于艾滋病毒检测和联系活动，众包提供了一个机会，以更好地了解隐藏的关键人群的需求和偏好，例如男男性行为者(MSM)，包括那些有高危行为但没有利用现有卫生服务的人。在线竞赛可以产生新的内容、视觉图像和分销网络，用于艾滋病毒检测和联动活动。另一种源自私营部门的艾滋病毒工具--社会营销--也可以加强艾滋病毒宣传。社会营销是商业营销概念在项目的分析、规划、执行和评估中的系统应用。社会营销将专业营销和公共卫生专业知识结合在一起，以便更有效地打包和提供艾滋病毒检测和联系服务。在设计艾滋病毒宣传活动时，众包和社会营销方法的主要区别在于，众包在很大程度上是由社区参与推动的，是自下而上发展的，而社会营销是由公共卫生专家推动的，是自上而下发展的。我们的研究将集中在中国年轻的男男性接触者(18-29岁)，他们是在线论坛的高度活跃参与者，但他们的力量尚未被挖掘出来，以促进艾滋病毒检测和联动护理。这一亚群男性的艾滋病毒发病率很高，但在很大程度上仍未进行检测和参与。我们假设，由于更多的竞选活动参与，众包活动将对艾滋病毒检测和与护理的联系产生更高的影响。我们的多学科研究团队结合了众包和社会营销经验、长期与中国男男性接触和代表MSM工作的历史，以及丰富的当地艾滋病毒研究基础设施，以调查下列目标：(1)制定众包干预和社会营销干预措施，以加强青壮年MSM的艾滋病毒检测和联动；(2)通过一项多点的准实验试验，比较众包干预和社会营销干预措施对艾滋病毒检测和联动的有效性；以及(3)通过建模估计众包干预和社会营销干预措施对四个城市年轻MSM艾滋病毒传播的影响。非政府组织全球性健康社会企业(SESH)的执行伙伴开发并试点了众包方法，以促进中国的艾滋病毒检测。北卡罗来纳大学中国项目的长期国内研究项目和基础设施增加了成功的可能性。这项研究将有助于加强艾滋病毒运动，并最终减少艾滋病毒的获得和传播。