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CHANGES AND ETHNICITY IN CARING RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE ELDERLY PEOPLE IN A MIDDLE-SIZED TOWN IN AMERICAN MIDWEST,1850-1985.

美国中西部一个中等城镇老年人关爱关系的变化和种族，1850-1985 年。

基本信息

批准号：
07610313
负责人：
SANO Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
NARA WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY (1996-1997)Hiroshima University (1995)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study aims to contribute to the development of basic knowledge on aging society by revealing hitorical changes from 1850 to 1895 in caring relationships for the elderly among Euro-Americans in a middle-sized town and its surrounding farming area in Midweat, U.S.It identifies similarities and differences in such relationships among people of differnt ethnic backgrounds such as Yankee, Norwegian and Polish. Methodologically U.S.Census original schedules were processed into computer database and analyzed with other historical documents from 1850 to 1910, and ethnographic data of family histories from anthropoligical field research 1984-86 were used to analyze changes in caring patterns from 1920s to 1980s. The results are that the town's population of 60 years old and over steadily increased its proportion throughout the last half of the 19^<th> century from 1.5% to 9%, and that the ratio of houses with the elderly of 60 years old and over also increased from 8.1% to 30.8%. Among the families with the elderly of 60 years old and over : the proportion of the single elderly family head changed from 3.4% in1860 to 9.7% in 1910 ; the proportion of elderly couple fluctuated between 10% and 20%. The proportion of the elderly parent (s) with child (ren) was about 70% throughout the years. Yankee elderly people tended to live with non-kin member in the same household than those of other ethnic groups. Polish people, called "late-comers, " quickly became similar to Yankee people by increasing the number of household with single family haed and with married couple without any cohabitants. However, unlike Yankee people, Polish children found houses within the same town or neighborhood to establish their own families after leaving their parent's house. These results are accorded with findings from our ethnographic research.

本研究旨在通过揭示1850年至1895年美国中西部一个中型城镇及其周边农业区的欧美人养老关系的历史变迁，探讨不同种族背景的美国人（如美国佬、挪威人和波兰人）在养老关系方面的异同，为老年社会基础知识的发展做出贡献。方法采用美国人口普查局1850 ~ 1910年的原始资料和其他历史文献，结合1984 ~ 1986年人类学田野调查的家族史人种志资料，分析20 ~ 80年代关爱模式的变化。结果是，在整个19世纪后半叶，该镇60岁及以上人口的比例从1.5%稳步增加到9%，60岁及以上老人的住房比例也从8.1%增加到30.8%。60岁及以上老人家庭中：单身老人户主比例由1860年的3.4%上升到1910年的9.7%；老年夫妇的比例在10% - 20%之间波动。有子女的老年父母所占比例约为70%。与其他种族的老年人相比，美国老年人更倾向于与非亲属住在一起。被称为“后来者”的波兰人，随着单身家庭和没有同居者的夫妻家庭的增加，迅速变得与美国人相似。然而，与美国人不同的是，波兰儿童在离开父母的房子后，在同一个城镇或附近找到了房子，建立了自己的家庭。这些结果与我们的民族志研究结果一致。