Impulsivity as Immaturity: Mapping Dysmaturation of the Brain's Control Architecture in Youth Externalizing Psychopathology

 描述（由申请人提供）：患有外化精神病理学的青年，包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍、对立违抗性障碍和行为障碍，表现出各种冲动症状，这反过来反映了调节控制功能的缺陷。一个新兴的神经发育模型，我们称之为冲动性不成熟模型，可能会改变我们对调节功能障碍的大脑基础的理解。大脑的调节控制结构（RCA）在儿童和青少年时期经历了大规模的成熟。冲动即不成熟模型提出，RCA的不同组成部分的异常成熟会产生不同的冲动模式，例如，某些注意力控制成分的延迟成熟引起注意力变异，这是注意力功能障碍的一种特殊形式。根据该模型，我们将采用混合队列/纵向设计，招募135名健康青年和135名患有外化精神病理学的青年。使用先进的多变量/多模态分析方法，我们将映射RCA的主要组成部分，包括参与注意力，运动，情绪和食欲控制的组件的规范神经发育轨迹。然后，我们将构建多变量模型，预测不同形式的冲动的基础上RCA组件的神经发育模式。该项目的成功完成将是开发一类新的基于成像的不成熟生物标志物的关键的第一步，这些生物标志物指示不同类型的冲动，而不管它们表现出的特定外化障碍。这将导致更早，更可靠地诊断年轻人的冲动问题，并刺激针对特定形式的RCA发育不良的跨诊断，基于生物学的干预措施的发展。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Youth with externalizing psychopathologies, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder, present with diverse kinds of impulsivity symptoms, which in turn reflect deficits in regulatory control functioning. An emerging neurodevelopmental model, which we call the Impulsivity as Immaturity Model, could potentially transform our understanding of the brain basis of regulatory dysfunction. The brain's regulatory control architecture (RCA) undergoes massive maturation during childhood and adolescence. The Impulsivity as Immaturity Model proposes that aberrant maturation in distinct components of the RCA gives rise to distinct patterns of impulsivity symptoms-e.g., delayed maturation in certain attention control components gives rise to attentional variability, a specific form of attention dysfunction. Informed by this model, we will use a mixed cohort/longitudinal design enrolling 135 healthy youth and 135 youth with externalizing psychopathologies. Using advanced multivariate/multimodal analytic methods, we will map the normative neurodevelopmental trajectories of major components of the RCA including components involved in attention, motor, emotion, and appetitive control. We will then construct multivariate models that predict different forms of impulsivity based on neurodevelopment patterns of RCA components. Successful completion of this project will be a critical first step in development of a new class of imaging-based immaturity biomarkers that index distinct types of impulsivity irrespective of the specific externalizing disorders in which they manifest. This will lead to earlier, more reliable diagnosis of impulsivity problems in youth and spur the development of transdiagnostic, biologically based interventions that target specific forms of RCA dysmaturation.