Reproductive health disparities and sexual orientation in girls and women

女孩和妇女的生殖健康差异和性取向

• 批准号: 9392252
• 负责人: Brittany Michelle Charlton
• 金额: $ 0.14万
• 依托单位: BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9392252
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adolescent and Young Adult; Affect; Age; Area; Bisexual; Child; Competence; Contraceptive Usage; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Daughter; Discrimination; Disease; Employment; Enrollment; Environment; Epidemiology; Exhibits; Female; Female Adolescents; Foundations; Future; Geographic Locations; Hate; Health; Health Insurance; Health Promotion; Health Services Accessibility; Health behavior; Healthcare; Heterosexuals; Individual; Intervention; Laws; Legal; Lesbian; Longitudinal cohort; Marriage; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Minority; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nurses; Nurses' Health Study; Occupations; Outcome; Participant; Policies; Policy Analysis; Policy Developments; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Preventive; Preventive care; Public Health; Public Policy; Questionnaires; Reproductive Health; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Same-sex; Scientist; Services; Sex Orientation; Sexual Health; Shapes; Solid; Stress; Testing; Time; Training; Translating; Woman; Youth; aged; behavioral outcome; career; cohort; court; early sex initiation; experience; girls; health care availability; health care disparity; health disparity; health equity; health related quality of life; improved; minority health; multilevel analysis; peer; public health relevance; reproductive; same-sex marriage; sexual debut; sexual minority; skills; therapy development; unintended pregnancy

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Compared to their heterosexual peers, sexual minority (i.e., lesbian and bisexual) female youth are particularly vulnerable to having poor health, especially poor reproductive health. Emerging research shows that the health of sexual minorities can be adversely affected by state-level discriminatory laws. This discrimination can occur in states that have failed to enact protections around hate crimes, job discrimination, or same-sex marriage. However, little is known about the association of these types of public policies with reproductive health. Policy environments are also highly variable across U.S. states and dynamic across time, as demonstrated by the U.S. Supreme Court overturning the Defense of Marriage Act in 2013. Therefore, this research is vital for understanding how the rapidly shifting policy environment may affect sexual minorities. Empirical evidence is needed to inform new public policy development and public health strategies to improve reproductive health, but few researchers have the training needed to explore such disparities and translate findings into action. In the proposed project, Dr. Charlton argues that public policy may be associated with the reproductive health of sexual minority girls and women. She will explore this through the following aims: (1) Identify how public policy may be associated with the reproductive health of sexual minority girls and women; (2) Elucidate what adverse reproductive health outcomes may be associated with public policy among sexual minority girls and women and where these reproductive health outcomes occur; and (3) Examine potential reasons why adverse reproductive health outcomes disproportionately burden sexual minority girls and women. To fulfill these aims, national data will be analyzed from two longitudinal cohorts of adolescents and young adults (Growing Up Today Study I/II) along with a cohort of their mothers (Nurses' Health Study II). In order complete the proposed research, Dr. Charlton must build on her epidemiology skills with formal training in health-related public policy. As such, her mentors have developed a plan to advance her training in areas such as policy analysis and econometrics. This training will enable her to create a comprehensive database representing the various policy environments in every U.S. state and analyze how this environment is associated with the reproductive health of sexual minority girls and women. The proposed research is in line with the NICHD Office of Health Equity's initiatives and will be among the firs to examine public policy and a range of reproductive health issues among sexual minority girls and women. Dr. Charlton will have access is to uniquely detailed data and her findings will further the understanding of sexual orientation health disparities and promote research in diverse populations. This training and research will give Dr. Charlton a solid foundation in health-related public policy, which, combined with her epidemiology background, will enable her to build a career as an independent research scientist.

 描述（由申请人提供）：与异性恋同龄人相比，性少数（即女同性恋和双性恋）女性青少年特别容易出现健康状况不佳的情况，尤其是生殖健康状况不佳。最新研究表明，性少数群体的健康可能会受到州级歧视性法律的不利影响。这种歧视可能发生在未能针对仇恨犯罪、工作歧视或同性婚姻制定保护措施的州。然而，人们对这些类型的公共政策与生殖健康的关系知之甚少。美国各州的政策环境也存在很大差异，并且会随着时间的推移而变化，美国最高法院 2013 年推翻《婚姻保护法》就证明了这一点。因此，这项研究对于了解快速变化的政策环境如何影响性少数群体至关重要。需要经验证据来为新的公共政策制定和公共卫生战略提供信息，以改善生殖健康，但很少有研究人员接受过探索这种差异并将研究结果转化为行动所需的培训。 在拟议的项目中，查尔顿博士认为公共政策可能与性少数女孩和妇女的生殖健康有关。她将通过以下目标对此进行探索：(1) 确定公共政策如何与性少数女孩和妇女的生殖健康联系起来； (2) 阐明对性少数群体女孩和妇女而言，哪些不利的生殖健康结果可能与公共政策相关，以及这些生殖健康结果发生在何处； (3) 检查不良生殖健康结果给性少数女孩和妇女带来不成比例负担的潜在原因。为了实现这些目标，将对青少年和年轻人的两个纵向队列（今日成长研究 I/II）及其母亲队列（护士健康研究 II）的全国数据进行分析。 为了完成拟议的研究，查尔顿博士必须通过与健康相关的公共政策方面的正式培训来增强她的流行病学技能。就这样，她的 导师制定了一项计划，以推进她在政策分析和计量经济学等领域的培训。这次培训将使她能够创建一个代表美国每个州的各种政策环境的综合数据库，并分析这种环境与性少数女孩和妇女的生殖健康之间的关系。拟议的研究符合 NICHD 健康公平办公室的倡议，并将成为首批审查公共政策和性少数女孩和妇女的一系列生殖健康问题的研究之一。查尔顿博士将获得独特的详细数据，她的发现将进一步了解性取向健康差异并促进对不同人群的研究。此次培训和研究将为查尔顿博士在健康相关公共政策方面打下坚实的基础，再加上她的流行病学背景，将使她能够成为一名独立研究科学家。

项目成果

Sexual orientation-related disparities in employment, health insurance, healthcare access and health-related quality of life: a cohort study of US male and female adolescents and young adults.

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020418
• 发表时间: 2018-07-26
• 期刊: BMJ open
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Charlton BM;Gordon AR;Reisner SL;Sarda V;Samnaliev M;Austin SB
• 通讯作者: Austin SB

Sexual orientation-related differences in contraceptive use: A brief report based on a cohort of adolescent and young women.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.11.002
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Contraception
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Charlton BM;Reynolds CA;Janiak E;DiVasta AD;Jones RK;Chavarro JE;Sarda V;Austin SB
• 通讯作者: Austin SB

Sexual Minority Men's Perspectives and Experiences of Adolescent Pregnancy Risk and Pregnancy Prevention Behaviors.

• DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2053043
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Tabaaca, Ariella R.;Godwin, Eli G.;Reynolds, Colleen A.;Katz-Wise, Sabra L.;Charlton, Brittany M.
• 通讯作者: Charlton, Brittany M.

Healthcare providers' perspectives on pregnancy experiences among sexual and gender minority youth.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100702
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives
• 作者: Tabaac AR;Godwin EG;Jonestrask C;Charlton BM;Katz-Wise SL
• 通讯作者: Katz-Wise SL