Inside the social perception network: dynamics, connectivity, and stimulation

社会感知网络内部：动态、连通性和刺激

• 批准号: 9279262
• 负责人: AVNIEL S GHUMAN
• 金额: $ 44.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-05 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9279262
• 关键词: Affective; Amygdaloid structure; Anatomy; Anger; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Autistic Disorder; Biological; Body Image; Brain; Brain imaging; Caring; Categories; Cognition; Conscious; Data; Detection; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation of the Brain; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Emotions; Epilepsy; Etiology; Evaluation; Event; Evolution; Face; Face Processing; Facial Expression; Facial Expression Perception; Feedback; Form Perception; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Fusiform gyrus; Goals; Hallucinations; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Location; Machine Learning; Magnetoencephalography; Maps; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Nature; Network-based; Neurobiology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Pathologic; Pathology; Patients; Perception; Persons; Physiology; Population; Positron-Emission Tomography; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Posture; Probability; Process; Recurrence; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Schizophrenia; Site; Social Perception; Stimulus; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Unconscious State; Visual; Work; base; causal model; clinically relevant; design; disabling symptom; encephalography; evidence base; face perception; healthy volunteer; information processing; interest; kinematics; learning strategy; millisecond; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuropsychiatric disorder; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; social; spatiotemporal; targeted treatment; temporal measurement; visual stimulus

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Aberrant processing of social and affective information is a severe and disabling symptom across many neuropsychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders, depression, autism, and schizophrenia. Recent reports demonstrate that direct electrical brain stimulation (EBS) can alter perception, such as changing the identity of a person being viewed or causing memory-related hallucinations. If EBS can distort normal perception, then EBS using different parameters may be able to normalize SAP, for example by modulating affective salience to visual stimuli in PTSD. One key impediment towards developing EBS as a therapy for SAP pathology is that we lack an understanding of how electrical stimulation modulates neurodynamics and cognition. A critical step towards designing rational EBS-based stimulation parameters for SAP pathology is building a causal model of the millisecond-scale temporal dynamics, interregional interactions, and EBS modulation of these dynamics and interactions during SAP. Visual SAP relies on a neural circuit in the temporal lobe that includes the amygdala, fusiform gyrus (FG), and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). Non-invasive brain imaging techniques either lack the temporal resolution to examine millisecond dynamics (fMRI/PET), or are relatively insensitive to activity in deep brain structures such as the amygdala (MEG/EEG/TMS). Direct neural recordings using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in individuals undergoing neurosurgical evaluation for epilepsy will allow us to overcome these barriers to study the dynamics and interactions in the SAP circuit. Furthermore, delivery of EBS via these implanted electrodes will allow us to examine how electrical modulation of this circuit alters SAP. Using iEEG and advanced analysis methods from machine learning, we recently delineated the set of information processing stages that FG goes through for face perception. In this project, we will test a three- stage dynamic model of the sequence of events and interregional interactions that enable SAP based on these previous results, the work of others, and our preliminary data. We will record iEEG in our regions of interest to test neural dynamics during three critical aspects of social affective processing: perception of facial expression (Aim 1), the inference of actions from motion (Aim 2), and guiding conscious perception to affectively and socially salient stimuli (Aim 3). Then we will employ EBS to modulate perception during these processes. In addition, we will supplement iEEG with magnetoencephalography (MEG), which, while less sensitive to amygdala activity, provides whole-brain cortical coverage and facilitates the comparison of iEEG results to a normative population. The outcome of the proposed research will be a spatially and temporally specific model of the causal dynamics and interactions during SAP. This model will provide testable hypotheses regarding targeted EBS therapies that may normalize pathological SAP.

 描述（由申请人提供）：社会和情感信息的异常处理是许多神经精神障碍中的严重和致残症状，包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和其他焦虑症、抑郁症、自闭症和精神分裂症。最近的报告表明，直接脑电刺激（EBS）可以改变感知，例如改变被观察者的身份或引起与记忆相关的幻觉。如果EBS可以扭曲正常的感知，那么EBS使用不同的参数可能能够使SAP正常化，例如通过调节PTSD中视觉刺激的情感显著性。开发EBS作为SAP病理学治疗的一个关键障碍是我们缺乏对电刺激如何调节神经动力学和认知的理解。为SAP病理设计合理的基于EBS的刺激参数的关键一步是建立一个因果模型的毫秒级的时间动态，区域间的相互作用，和EBS调制这些动态和相互作用在SAP。视觉SAP依赖于颞叶中的神经回路，包括杏仁核、梭状回（FG）和后上级颞沟（pSTS）。非侵入性脑成像技术要么缺乏检查毫秒动力学（fMRI/PET）的时间分辨率，要么对杏仁核等脑深部结构的活动相对不敏感 (MEG/EEG/TMS）。在接受癫痫神经外科评估的个体中使用颅内脑电图（iEEG）进行直接神经记录将使我们能够克服这些障碍，以研究SAP回路中的动力学和相互作用。此外，通过这些植入电极输送EBS将使我们能够检查该电路的电调制如何改变SAP。使用iEEG和机器学习的高级分析方法，我们最近描绘了FG在面部感知中所经历的一系列信息处理阶段。在这个项目中，我们将测试一个三阶段的动态模型的事件序列和区域间的相互作用，使SAP的基础上，这些以前的结果，其他人的工作，我们的初步数据。我们将在我们感兴趣的区域记录iEEG，以测试社会情感处理的三个关键方面的神经动力学：面部表情的感知（目标1），从运动中推断动作（目标2），以及引导有意识的感知到情感和社会显著的刺激（目标3）。然后，我们将使用EBS来调节这些过程中的感知。此外，我们将补充iEEG与脑磁图（MEG），而不敏感的杏仁核活动，提供全脑皮层覆盖，并促进iEEG结果的比较，以规范的人口。拟议的研究的结果将是一个空间和时间上的因果动态和相互作用在SAP的具体模型。该模型将提供关于靶向EBS治疗的可检验假设，其可使病理性SAP正常化。