Investigating the contributions of neural competition to intentional forgetting and real-time neurofeedback

研究神经竞争对有意遗忘和实时神经反馈的贡献

• 批准号: 9259266
• 负责人: Tracy Hsiang Yi Wang
• 金额: $ 5.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9259266
• 关键词: Alzheimer' s Disease; Amnesia; Arbitration; Area; Attention; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Classification; Cognitive; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Feedback; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Impairment; Instruction; Lead; Learning; Left; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Medial; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory impairment; Methods; Motivation; Participant; Pathology; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Research; Research Project Grants; Resources; Retrieval; Role; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Thinking; Time; Training; Treatment Efficacy; Variant; cognitive control; design; directed forgetting; experimental study; forgetting; improved; insight; memory encoding; mental state; mild cognitive impairment; neural circuit; neurofeedback; neuromechanism; novel; operation; relating to nervous system; theories; therapeutic development; therapy development

Forgetting is an adaptive process that plays a critical role in sustaining the efficiency of mnemonic operations and can actively inhibit unwelcome (e.g. unpleasant or irrelevant information) memories from our awareness. The intentional forgetting of unwanted memories during encoding can be accomplished, via prefrontal control regions, by directly inhibiting hippocampal encoding processes, or by engaging hippocampal retrieval processes to replace the unwanted memory with substitutes. The neural mechanisms that underlie intentional forgetting, however, is not well understood -- the goal of this research project is to characterize how competition dependent learning via neural competition of memory representations – a neural mechanism shown to contribute to incidental forgetting – explains intentional forgetting. We also propose using real-time neurofeedback (providing information about a person's brain activity while they are performing tasks inside an MRI scanner) to either selectively improve or impair subsequent remembering. One recent theory provides a compelling explanation for a mechanism underlying forgetting. The co- activation of multiple thoughts during encoding and retrieval of an item can lead to neural competition between these thoughts, which in turn, are detrimental to the subsequent remembering of an item. This finding is consistent with the `non-monotonic plasticity hypothesis' generated by computational models of learning. In the following proposal, Study 1 tests whether the principle of non-monotonic plasticity during memory encoding also extends to motivated forgetting. We propose to administer an item-method intentional forgetting task in which participants will be required to either remember or forget items dependent on a cue following the presentation of the item. We hypothesize that neural competition between `to be remembered' and `to be forgotten' items will contribute to the subsequent forgetting of the item representation that `loses' the competition. We will use multivariate pattern classification of fMRI data to quantify the level (i.e. low, medium or strong) of activation for the `to be forgotten and `to be remembered' items in order to decode or track the relative strength of these items across each trial. The findings of this first study also allow us to test the relationship between the amount of neural competition in ventral temporal cortex, the connectivity from control regions in the prefrontal cortex to subdivisions of the hippocampus, and subsequent forgetting behavior. Furthermore, in Study 2, we intend to use neurofeedback training to calibrate the amount of neural competition elicited during memory encoding. We will behaviorally modify encoding strategies in a closed-loop neurofeedback system in order to improve on or interfere with (i.e. induce forgetting) subsequent memory performance.

遗忘是一个适应性过程，在维持记忆效率方面发挥着关键作用 操作并可以主动抑制我们不受欢迎的（例如不愉快或不相关的信息）记忆 意识。在编码过程中故意忘记不需要的记忆可以通过以下方式实现： 前额控制区，通过直接抑制海马编码过程，或通过参与海马 检索过程用替代品替换不需要的记忆。其背后的神经机制 然而，故意遗忘还没有得到很好的理解——这个研究项目的目标是描述如何 通过记忆表征的神经竞争进行竞争依赖学习——一种神经机制 研究表明会导致偶然遗忘——解释故意遗忘。我们还建议使用实时 神经反馈（提供有关人在执行任务时大脑活动的信息） MRI 扫描仪）选择性地改善或损害随后的记忆。 最近的一项理论为遗忘背后的机制提供了令人信服的解释。该共同 在编码和检索项目期间激活多种想法可能会导致之间的神经竞争 这些想法反过来又不利于随后对某个项目的记忆。这一发现是 与学习计算模型产生的“非单调可塑性假设”一致。在 下面的提议，研究1测试了内存编码过程中是否遵循非单调可塑性原理 也延伸到动机性遗忘。我们建议管理一项项目方法有意遗忘任务 参与者将被要求根据以下提示记住或忘记项目 该项目的介绍。我们假设“被记住”和“被记住”之间存在神经竞争 被遗忘的项目将导致随后“丢失”项目表示的遗忘 竞赛。我们将使用功能磁共振成像数据的多变量模式分类来量化水平（即低、中或 强）激活“被遗忘”和“被记住”的项目，以便解码或跟踪 每次试验中这些项目的相对强度。第一项研究的结果还使我们能够测试 腹侧颞叶皮层神经竞争量与控制连接之间的关系 前额皮质区域到海马体的细分，以及随后的遗忘行为。 此外，在研究2中，我们打算使用神经反馈训练来校准神经竞争的量 在记忆编码过程中引发。我们将在闭环中行为地修改编码策略 神经反馈系统，以改善或干扰（即诱发遗忘）后续记忆 表现。