Investigating the special role of sex chromosomes in speciation: discovering the molecular identities, functions, and evolutionary histories of X-linked hybrid male sterility genes in Drosophila

研究性染色体在物种形成中的特殊作用：发现果蝇X连锁杂种雄性不育基因的分子身份、功能和进化历史

• 批准号: 9751085
• 负责人: COLIN D MEIKLEJOHN
• 金额: $ 32.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9751085
• 关键词: Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; Bioinformatics; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Biological Process; Biology; Chromosome Mapping; Code; Cytology; Data; Developmental Process; Drosophila genus; Evolution; Female; Functional disorder; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Polymorphism; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Initiator Codon; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Male Sterility; Mammals; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Modern 1601-history; Molecular; Molecular Biology; Molecular Genetics; Mus; Pattern; Penetrance; Phenotype; Play; Population; Process; Proteins; Reagent; Recording of previous events; Recurrence; Research; Resolution; Resources; Rest; Role; Sex Chromosomes; Shotguns; Spermatogenesis; Sterility; Testing; Testis; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Validation; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; base; biological systems; functional genomics; genome-wide; genomic data; insight; male; male fertility; molecular marker; next generation; novel; offspring; reproductive; single molecule; transcriptome sequencing; virtual

New species arise when populations evolve incompatible alleles that lead to lethality or sterility in hybrid offspring between isolated populations. Understanding the evolution of reproductive isolation between species requires functional characterization of the genes that cause barriers to genetic exchange and determining how they kill or sterilize hybrids. Two striking patterns in speciation biology are the early accumulation of hybrid male sterility in animal taxa with X and Y chromosomes (Haldane's Rule), and the enrichment of hybrid sterility factors on the X chromosome (the large X-effect). Speciation in XY species such as mammals and fruit flies is therefore associated with the rapid evolution of X-linked alleles that cause male sterility in interspecific hybrids. Multiple evolutionary models have been proposed to explain both these patterns, but there is insufficient empirical data to test these hypotheses. The long-term objectives of the proposed research are to identify previously unknown X-linked genes that cause hybrid male sterility between closely related species of Drosophila, and to characterize the mechanisms by which these genes disrupt spermatogenesis. These objectives will increase our understanding of the biological processes of speciation, evolutionary divergence in genes and genomes, and the developmental process of spermatogenesis. The proposed research will use genetic and transgenic approaches to identify, verify, and investigate X-linked hybrid sterility genes. Genome-wide gene expression and cytological analyses will determine how these genes disrupt spermatogenesis in hybrids; and population and evolutionary genomic resources will be used to determine the evolutionary history of these genes.

当种群进化出不相容的等位基因时，新物种就产生了，这些等位基因导致了致命性或致病性