Household income at birth and preschool child health

出生时家庭收入和学龄前儿童健康

• 批准号: 9884797
• 负责人: Muhammad Farhan Majid
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-11-23 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9884797
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Anthropometry; Attention; Behavior; Biological; Birth; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Malnutrition; Child Nutrition; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Cognitive; Country; Data; Development; Disease; Economic Conditions; Economics; Education; Effectiveness; Elderly; Employment; Ensure; Family; Family Life Surveys; Fire - disasters; Growth; Health; Health Services; Height; Household; Human; Hunger; Income; Indonesia; Institution; Intervention; Investments; Knowledge; Laws; Life Cycle Stages; Light; Location; Longevity; Methods; Modeling; Mothers; Nutritional status; Occupations; Parents; Pathway interactions; Policies; Preschool Child; Production; Province; Regulation; Research Priority; Risk; Role; Shapes; Siblings; Social Policies; Socioeconomic Status; Time; Unemployment; United States National Institutes of Health; Urbanization; Variant; Wages; Weight; behavioral response; caregiving; cohort; commune; cost; critical period; early childhood; experience; improved; longitudinal dataset; low and middle-income countries; parental influence; productivity loss; public health relevance; sex; social; social factors; statistics; wasting

PROJECT SUMMARY: Evidence on significant associations between income and child health is accumulating. But relatively little is known about effectiveness of income transfer policies around birth in improving child health, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). About 250 million children under 5y of age in LMICs are at risk of failing to reach their full developmental potential, and 138 million children are projected to be stunted in 2020.This project will contribute unique knowledge about impacts of minimum wages (MWs) around the time of birth on preschool child nutritional status in Indonesia up to 5y after birth. Indonesia carries the fifth highest burden of stunted children in the world, and MWs are an integral part of the Indonesian social policy debate. To identify causal effects, the basic model exploits timing of births relative to timing of changes in MWs: some children happen to be born in years with higher MWs whereas others are born in years with lower MWs. Comparisons among siblings born from the same biological mothers help address concerns about the potential role of unobserved factors leading some mothers to time births relative to changes in MWs. This basic strategy is strengthened with a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework that compares cohort differences among biological siblings across provinces with higher versus lower MWs. Data are used on child (ages 0-5) anthropometrics and on health, health investments, employment and socio-economic status from all 5 waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), a nationally representative longitudinal dataset spanning over 21 years- 1993 (7,224 households) to 2014 (15,761 households). A panel of policy data, from the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics, will be constructed for province- specific MWs that covers 26y (1988-2014) and will be merged with the IFLS. The larger time coverage of MW data ensures that MWs can be matched for each child 0-5y in each relevant wave of the IFLS. Specific Aims are: (SA1) To use quasi-experimental methods (DiD and biological sibling fixed effects) to estimate the causal effects of MWs at birth on child height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-height (wasting) z scores up to 5y after birth and whether the effects at birth year are different from effects up to 2y before and 2y after birth to shed light on critical periods in child growth for policy interventions. (SA2) To investigate whether effects of MWs on child health vary (interact) by child sex, baseline parental characteristics (e.g. education and occupation), communal characteristics (urbanization, past stunting/wasting rates, province GDP/capita and past province unemployment). (SA3) To investigate mechanisms/pathways by studying effects of MWs on parental health investments in children before, during and after birth, for those expected to benefit and as well as for those who may potentially suffer any unintended harms (e.g. unemployment) from MW increases. This proposal is responsive to current NIH research priorities on social factors shaping child development, multilevel interaction and inputs to human health and to health and disease across the lifespan, by evaluating the impact of variations in provincial MWs during a critical period (year of birth) on child nutritional status up to 5y after birth, paying attention to interactive effects by parental and societal background and behavioral responses by firms and parents and critical periods of child development.

项目概要： 关于收入与儿童健康之间存在重大关联的证据越来越多。但相对而言， 围绕生育的收入转移政策在改善儿童健康，特别是低收入和中等收入儿童健康方面的有效性 中低收入国家。在中低收入国家，约有2.5亿5岁以下的儿童面临无法充分实现其 发展潜力，预计到2020年将有1.38亿儿童发育迟缓。 了解出生前后最低工资对学龄前儿童营养状况的影响， 印度尼西亚出生后5年。印度尼西亚是世界上发育迟缓儿童负担第五高的国家， 这是印度尼西亚社会政策辩论的一部分。为了确定因果效应，基本模型利用出生时间 相对于MW变化的时间：一些儿童出生在MW较高的年份，而另一些儿童出生在MW较高的年份。 在MW较低的年份。来自同一亲生母亲的兄弟姐妹之间的比较有助于解决问题 关于未观察到的因素的潜在作用，导致一些母亲相对于MW变化的分娩时间。这一基本 通过差异中的差异（DiD）框架来加强战略，该框架比较了 不同省份的生物学兄弟姐妹具有较高和较低的MW。数据用于儿童（0-5岁）人体测量， 印度尼西亚家庭生活所有5个阶段的卫生、卫生投资、就业和社会经济地位 调查（IFLS），一个全国代表性的纵向数据集，跨越21年- 1993年（7，224户）至2014年 (15 761户）。印度尼西亚统计局将为各省建立一个政策数据小组， 涵盖26年（1988-2014年）的具体MW，并将与IFLS合并。微波数据的时间覆盖范围更大 确保可以在IFLS的每个相关波中为每个0- 5岁儿童匹配MW。具体目标是：（SA 1）使用 准实验方法（DiD和生物学同胞固定效应）估计出生时MW的因果效应， 出生后5年内的儿童年龄别身高（发育迟缓）和身高别体重（消瘦）z评分，以及出生时的影响是否 年的影响不同，直到出生前2年和出生后2年，以阐明儿童生长的关键时期， 干预措施。(SA2)研究MW对儿童健康的影响是否因儿童性别、基线父母 特征（如教育和职业），社区特征（城市化，过去的发育迟缓/消瘦率， 省人均国内生产总值和过去的省失业率）。(SA3)通过研究影响来研究机制/途径 关于父母在儿童出生前、出生期间和出生后对儿童的健康投资的工作量， 至于那些可能因增加最低工资而受到意外伤害（例如失业）的人士。这项建议是 响应当前NIH关于影响儿童发展的社会因素、多层次互动和 对人类健康和整个生命周期的健康和疾病的投入，通过评估各省 出生后5年内儿童营养状况关键时期（出生年份）的MW，注意互动 父母和社会背景的影响，公司和父母的行为反应以及儿童的关键时期 发展