How inhibitory control prevents thought intrusions and sensory and motor provocations

抑制控制如何防止思想入侵以及感觉和运动挑衅

• 批准号: 9885817
• 负责人: Adam Robert Aron
• 金额: $ 35.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9885817
• 关键词: Area; Basal Ganglia; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Contralateral; Cues; Elements; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Goals; Human; Inferior; Instruction; Knowledge; Lasers; Left; Lesion; Memory; Mind; Motor; Movement; Nociception; Pain; Prevention; Proactive Inhibition; Psyche structure; Reactive Inhibition; Research; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; System; Testing; Thalamic structure; Thinking; Work; Wrist; clinically relevant; executive function; experimental study; frontal lobe; functional magnetic resonance imaging/electroencephalography; improved; pain reduction; predictive panel; prevent; recruit; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; response; sensorimotor system; virtual

PROJECT SUMMARY Executive functions underlie our ability to control our behavior according to our goals. One element of executive function is top-down inhibitory control. Over the last funding periods we have distinguished two kinds of inhibitory control – reactive and proactive. Reactive inhibitory control can have broad effects and is driven by stop signals. It is apparently implemented by prefrontal connections to the basal ganglia, which we suppose blocks thalamic drive to cortex. By contrast, proactive inhibitory control is set up in advance of any response and is apparently implemented by sensorimotor cortex, also with downstream effects on basal ganglia and thalamus. Here we leverage our knowledge of these reactive and proactive inhibitory systems to ask how we keep unwanted thoughts out of mind and what mental strategies can be used to reduce pain. Aim 1 tests whether prefrontally-driven reactive inhibitory control prevents thought intrusions. We use the so-called Think/NoThink paradigm in which, on NoThink trials, people have to try to prevent the intrusion of an unwanted memory. We have shown this relates to increased prefrontal beta band power. We do simultaneous EEG/fMRI to localize the prefrontal node that best corresponds with the requirement to Not Think, and we then use fMRI- guided repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to create a ‘virtual lesion’ of that prefrontal node to test its causal role in preventing intrusions of thought. Aim 2 moves away from reactive inhibitory control to test how proactive inhibitory control reduces subjective pain. We inculcate a proactive inhibitory state (which corresponds to increased sensorimotor beta power) and we then test if, during this state, a nociceptive pain stimulus is rated as less painful subjectively. We then do repetitive TMS to create a ‘virtual lesion’ of M1 (and circuitry) to test the causal role of sensorimotor beta oscillations in a ‘suppressive’ state pertinent to reducing pain ratings. Aim 3 tests whether inculcating a proactive suppression state can prevent thought intrusions. We will do this by embedding the Think/NoThink requirement in task-states characterized by increased beta oscillations. These states are generated either endogenously by the subject given a cue or by the use of beta band entrainment with rTMS.

项目摘要 执行功能是我们根据目标控制行为的能力的基础。的一个元素 执行功能是自上而下的抑制控制。在过去的供资期间，我们区分了两类 抑制性控制-反应性和主动性。反应性抑制控制可以具有广泛的影响，并且由以下因素驱动： 停止信号。很明显，这是通过前额叶与基底神经节的联系来实现的， 阻止丘脑向皮质的驱动。相比之下，主动抑制控制是在任何反应之前建立的 并且显然是由感觉运动皮层实现的，还对基底神经节具有下游效应， 丘脑在这里，我们利用我们对这些反应性和主动性抑制系统的了解，来询问我们如何 把不想要的想法排除在脑外，以及什么样的心理策略可以用来减轻疼痛。Aim 1测试 前额叶驱动的反应性抑制控制是否能防止思想入侵。我们使用所谓的 Think/NoThink范式，在NoThink试验中，人们必须试图阻止不想要的入侵。 记忆我们已经证明，这与前额叶β波段功率增加有关。我们同时做脑电图和功能磁共振成像 来定位前额叶的节点，最符合“不思考”的要求，然后我们使用功能性磁共振成像， 引导重复的经颅磁刺激（TMS），以创建该前额叶结的“虚拟损伤”， 测试它在防止思想入侵中的因果作用。目标2从反应性抑制控制转移到测试 主动抑制控制如何减少主观疼痛。我们灌输一种积极的抑制状态（ 对应于增加的感觉运动β功率），然后我们测试，在这种状态下， 刺激主观上被评定为不太痛苦。然后，我们重复进行TMS以创建M1的“虚拟病变”（以及 电路），以测试感觉运动β振荡在与减少有关的“抑制”状态中的因果作用。 疼痛评分目标3测试灌输一种积极的抑制状态是否可以防止思想入侵。我们 我将通过将Think/NoThink需求嵌入到beta值增加的任务状态中来实现这一点 振荡这些状态要么是受试者在得到提示后内源性地产生的，要么是使用β产生的 带夹带与rTMS。