Functional architecture of a face processing area in the common marmoset

普通狨猴面部处理区域的功能架构

• 批准号: 9764503
• 负责人: Margaret M. Fabiszak
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9764503
• 关键词: Achievement; Anatomy; Architecture; Area; Behavior; Biological Models; Brain; Calcium; Callithrix; Callithrix jacchus jacchus; Categories; Cells; Code; Cognition Disorders; Complex; Development; Disease model; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Genes; Goals; Grouping; Head; Human; Image; Immunohistochemistry; Individual; Link; Major Depressive Disorder; Maps; Measures; Mental disorders; Modeling; Modernization; Morphology; Neurons; Outcome; Photic Stimulation; Population; Primates; Process; Property; Pyramidal Cells; Research; Resolution; Role; Social Behavior; Social Class; Social Interaction; Social Perception; Specificity; Stimulus; Structure; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Tissue Sample; Tissues; Transgenic Organisms; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; base; cell type; cortex mapping; extracellular; information processing; inhibitory neuron; innovation; insight; lissencephaly; model development; neural model; neuromechanism; novel; preference; relating to nervous system; response; social; social cognition; targeted treatment; two photon microscopy; two-photon

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT There is a fundamental gap in understanding the neural bases of social cognition. Atypical behaviors associated with mental disorders like autism spectrum disorders or major depressive disorder often present with deficits in social interaction. Understanding these deficits and developing targeted therapies will continue to prove impossible until the neural bases of typical social cognition are understood. To reveal these neural bases, it is the central thesis of this proposal to focus on those components of social cognition that allow precise external stimulus manipulation to elucidate social information processing. Faces form just such a category of uniquely social stimuli that bridge vision and social cognition. More so, faces are processed by a highly organized system of cortical areas that are tightly interconnected into a face-processing network. Still, past work on face patches has been critically limited to the properties of single face cells. In order to overcome these limitations, the common marmoset was recently discovered to have superficially located face patches, which, when paired with functional two-photon calcium imaging, enables simultaneous recordings from large populations of face cells. The long-term goal is to establish a mechanistic understanding of social cognition. The objective is to elucidate how a class of socially relevant stimuli is encoded by neural population in a cell-type dependent manner. The central hypothesis is that a face patch contains a map that exclusively represents faces in a spatially organized and cell-type specific manner. The rationale of this proposal is that it will establish the neural representation of faces, a basic component of social cognition, from the level of single cells to cortical maps in a new model system amenable to modern gene-editing approaches and thus disease model development. The hypothesis will be tested by pursing three specific aims: 1) to determine the functional specificity of a face patch; 2) to identify the principles of spatial organization within a face patch; and 3) to elucidate cell-type specific contributions to face processing. Under the first and second aim, two-photon microscopy will be used to measure neural activity from a large population of neurons. This will allow the determination of the spatial organization of face representations. Under the third aim, this technique will be combined with tissue clearing and volumetric immunohistochemistry to contribute morphological and cell type specific information about the population of neurons. The approach of this proposal is innovative because it combines several cutting-edge techniques with a novel model system to establish the functional architecture of a key social brain circuit. This research is significant because it generates a mechanistic understanding of face processing, illuminates a critical link between the visual system and the social brain, and forms a new model system in which further hypotheses underlying mechanisms of mental disorders can be rigorously tested to gain mechanistic understanding of a system tangibly contributing to our understanding of typical and atypical human behavior.

项目总结/摘要 在理解社会认知的神经基础方面存在着根本性的差距。相关的非典型行为 患有自闭症谱系障碍或重度抑郁症等精神障碍的患者通常会出现缺陷 in social社会interaction互动.了解这些缺陷并开发靶向治疗将继续证明 在理解典型社会认知的神经基础之前，这是不可能的。为了揭示这些神经基础， 这一建议的中心论点是关注社会认知的那些组成部分，这些组成部分允许精确的外部 刺激操纵，以阐明社会信息处理。面孔就是这样一类独特的 连接视觉和社会认知的社会刺激。更重要的是，面孔是由一个高度组织化的系统处理的， 大脑皮层区域紧密连接成一个面部处理网络。尽管如此，过去对面部贴片的研究 一直严格限制于单面电池的特性。为了克服这些限制， 最近发现，普通绒猴的面部表面有斑块，当与 功能性双光子钙成像能够同时记录大量的面细胞。 长期目标是建立对社会认知的机械理解。目的是阐明 一类与社会相关的刺激如何被神经群体以细胞类型依赖的方式编码。的 中心假设是，人脸补丁包含在空间组织中专门表示人脸的地图。 和细胞类型特异性方式。这一建议的基本原理是，它将建立的神经表征， 面孔，社会认知的基本组成部分，从单细胞水平到新模型中的皮层地图 系统适用于现代基因编辑方法，从而开发疾病模型。假设将 通过追求三个特定目标进行测试：1）确定面部贴片的功能特异性; 2）识别 面部斑块内空间组织的原理;以及3）阐明细胞类型特异性对 人脸处理在第一个和第二个目标下，双光子显微镜将用于测量神经活动 从大量的神经元中。这将允许确定面部的空间组织 表示。在第三个目标下，该技术将与组织清除和体积测量相结合。 免疫组化有助于形态学和细胞类型的具体信息的人口 神经元该提案的方法是创新的，因为它结合了几种尖端技术， 一个新的模型系统，以建立一个关键的社会脑回路的功能架构。本研究是 重要的是，它产生了对人脸处理的机械理解，阐明了一个关键环节， 在视觉系统和社会大脑之间，并形成了一个新的模型系统，其中进一步的假设 精神障碍的潜在机制可以通过严格的测试来获得对精神障碍的机械理解。 系统有形地有助于我们对典型和非典型人类行为的理解。

项目成果

Evolutionary and biomedical insights from a marmoset diploid genome assembly.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03535-x
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Yang C;Zhou Y;Marcus S;Formenti G;Bergeron LA;Song Z;Bi X;Bergman J;Rousselle MMC;Zhou C;Zhou L;Deng Y;Fang M;Xie D;Zhu Y;Tan S;Mountcastle J;Haase B;Balacco J;Wood J;Chow W;Rhie A;Pippel M;Fabiszak MM;Koren S;Fedrigo O;Freiwald WA;Howe K;Yang H;Phillippy AM;Schierup MH;Jarvis ED;Zhang G
• 通讯作者: Zhang G