ICEMR-Mali : Multidisciplinary research for malaria control and prevention in West Africa

摘要 在过去十年中，疟疾控制工具的广泛部署大大促进了 减少与撒哈拉以南非洲的疾病有关的发病率和死亡率。然而，该地区继续 疟疾死亡在全球疟疾负担中所占的比例高得不成比例。此外，发病率 在某些情况下保持高位但稳定，而在其他情况下在长期下跌后出现反弹 随着密集部署疟疾控制工具。ICEMR的总体目标是了解变量 当前疟疾控制干预措施在西非不同生态环境中的有效性 研究以了解寄生虫之间的相互作用(对药物治疗的反应、基因类型、配子体 生存)、人类(免疫反应和宿主遗传学)和媒介(生态、行为和对 杀虫剂)和调节当地环境和人类行为的影响。本ICEMR 包括3个项目，目标总结如下：1]流行病学项目(项目1)：目标是 了解为什么疟疾流行病学和地方性的不同模式对当前的控制具有弹性 马里四个地点的战略，代表整个西非的不同生态区，2]疟疾免疫- 基因组学项目(项目2)：该项目的目标是确定疟疾寄生虫的遗传变异，并 人类宿主，并评估这些差异对疟疾传播和疟疾有效性的影响 马里四个地点的控制措施，3]疟疾病媒和传播场生态项目(项目3)： 项目目标是调查疟疾病媒和传播场生态学中被忽视的重要方面 马里的四个地点，代表西非的三个生态区。这些项目将不同方面联系在一起 将疟疾传播和疾病整合为一个统一的整体，增加了区分 不同疟疾防治措施对寄生虫种群和免疫应答范围的影响(项目2， 免疫光生)以及按蚊媒介的季节和地理分布(项目 3)。了解与昆虫学和流行病学传播模式有关的因素将提供 马里和西非疟疾控制工作的更明确的指导方针。

SUMMARY Wide deployment of malaria control tools in the past decade has significantly contributed to substantial reduction of the incidence and deaths related to the disease in Sub-Sahara Africa.. Yet, the region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden of malaria deaths. Moreover, incidence remains high but stable in some settings while rebounding in others after a long period of decrease associated with intensive deployment of malaria control tools. The Overall goal of this ICEMR is to understand the variable effectiveness of current malaria control interventions in different ecological settings of West Africa through research to understand interactions between the parasite (response to drug treatment, genotypes, gametocyte survival), human (immune response and host genetics) and the vector (ecology, behaviors, and response to insecticides) and regulating influences of the local environment and human behavior. This ICEMR encompasses 3 Projects with the goals summarized as follow: 1] Epidemiology Project (Project 1): The goal is to understand why different patterns of malaria epidemiology and endemicity are resilient to current control strategies at four sites in Mali, representing different eco-zones across West Africa, 2] Malaria immuno- genomics Project (Project 2): The goal of this project is to identify genetic variation in the malaria parasite and human host, and assess the impact of these differences on malaria transmission and effectiveness of malaria control measures in four sites of Mali , 3] Malaria vector and transmission field ecology project (Project 3): The project goal is to investigate important neglected aspects of malaria vector and transmission field ecology at four sites in Mali, representing three eco-zones across West Africa. These projects links the different aspects of malaria transmission and disease into a unified whole, adding the ability to distinguish the contributions of different malaria control interventions on parasite population and range of immune responses (Project 2, Immunopahtogenesis) and seasonal and geographical distribution of anopheline mosquitoes vectors (Project 3). Understanding the factors relating entomological and epidemiological patterns of transmission will provide more definitive guidelines for malaria control efforts in Mali and in West Africa.