ICEMR-Mali : Multidisciplinary research for malaria control and prevention in West Africa

总结 在过去十年中，疟疾控制工具的广泛使用极大地促进了 减少撒哈拉以南非洲地区与该病有关的发病率和死亡人数。然而，该区域继续 在全球疟疾死亡负担中，疟疾患者所占比例过高。此外，发病率 在某些情况下保持高水平但稳定，而在另一些情况下， 密集部署疟疾控制工具。本ICEMR的总体目标是了解变量 在西非不同的生态环境中，目前的疟疾控制干预措施的有效性， 研究了解寄生虫之间的相互作用（对药物治疗的反应，基因型，配子体 生存），人类（免疫反应和宿主遗传学）和载体（生态学，行为和对 杀虫剂）和调节当地环境和人类行为的影响。这个ICEMR 包括3个项目，目标概述如下：1]流行病学项目（项目1）：目标是 了解为什么不同的疟疾流行病学和地方性模式对当前的控制具有弹性 在马里的四个地点，代表西非不同的生态区，2]疟疾免疫， 基因组学项目（项目2）：该项目的目标是确定疟疾寄生虫的遗传变异， 人类宿主，并评估这些差异对疟疾传播和疟疾有效性的影响 疟疾病媒和传播实地生态项目（项目3）： 项目目标是调查疟疾病媒和传播场生态学被忽视的重要方面， 马里的四个地点，代表西非的三个生态区。这些项目将不同的方面联系起来， 将疟疾传播和疾病的影响整合为一个统一的整体， 对寄生虫种群和免疫应答范围的不同疟疾控制干预（项目2， 按蚊媒介的季节和地理分布（项目 3）。了解与传播的昆虫学和流行病学模式有关的因素， 为马里和西非的疟疾控制工作制定更明确的指导方针。

SUMMARY Wide deployment of malaria control tools in the past decade has significantly contributed to substantial reduction of the incidence and deaths related to the disease in Sub-Sahara Africa.. Yet, the region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden of malaria deaths. Moreover, incidence remains high but stable in some settings while rebounding in others after a long period of decrease associated with intensive deployment of malaria control tools. The Overall goal of this ICEMR is to understand the variable effectiveness of current malaria control interventions in different ecological settings of West Africa through research to understand interactions between the parasite (response to drug treatment, genotypes, gametocyte survival), human (immune response and host genetics) and the vector (ecology, behaviors, and response to insecticides) and regulating influences of the local environment and human behavior. This ICEMR encompasses 3 Projects with the goals summarized as follow: 1] Epidemiology Project (Project 1): The goal is to understand why different patterns of malaria epidemiology and endemicity are resilient to current control strategies at four sites in Mali, representing different eco-zones across West Africa, 2] Malaria immuno- genomics Project (Project 2): The goal of this project is to identify genetic variation in the malaria parasite and human host, and assess the impact of these differences on malaria transmission and effectiveness of malaria control measures in four sites of Mali , 3] Malaria vector and transmission field ecology project (Project 3): The project goal is to investigate important neglected aspects of malaria vector and transmission field ecology at four sites in Mali, representing three eco-zones across West Africa. These projects links the different aspects of malaria transmission and disease into a unified whole, adding the ability to distinguish the contributions of different malaria control interventions on parasite population and range of immune responses (Project 2, Immunopahtogenesis) and seasonal and geographical distribution of anopheline mosquitoes vectors (Project 3). Understanding the factors relating entomological and epidemiological patterns of transmission will provide more definitive guidelines for malaria control efforts in Mali and in West Africa.